Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
February 17, 2026
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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This research paper focuses on the effects of electromigration in integrated circuits at the nanoscale domain. This is an investigative work that shows how various process and parametric variation effects on electromigration. With integrated circuits reaching in the nanoscale domain, electromigration is becoming more of a prominent problem. Being able to find changes into the integrated circuits to provide a better electromigration performance is crucial for future emerging nanotechnologies. Therefore, this paper will go through previous research work to show the evolution of Black’s equation and see if Black’s equation could use on nanoscale integrated circuits. Also, it will be showing future iterations of the equation and comparing them with constant variables. Besides, a comparison of aluminum and copper interconnects and how electromigration happens differently are also discussing in this paper. Then a conclusion on how Black’s equation could use with nanoscale technologies to predict the time during the occurrence of electromigration.
Muhammad Sana Ullah. 2018. \u201cEffect of Parametric Variations on Electromigration in Integrated Circuits\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - A: Physics & Space Science GJSFR-A Volume 18 (GJSFR Volume 18 Issue A9): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR
Print ISSN 0975-5896
e-ISSN 2249-4626
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This research paper focuses on the effects of electromigration in integrated circuits at the nanoscale domain. This is an investigative work that shows how various process and parametric variation effects on electromigration. With integrated circuits reaching in the nanoscale domain, electromigration is becoming more of a prominent problem. Being able to find changes into the integrated circuits to provide a better electromigration performance is crucial for future emerging nanotechnologies. Therefore, this paper will go through previous research work to show the evolution of Black’s equation and see if Black’s equation could use on nanoscale integrated circuits. Also, it will be showing future iterations of the equation and comparing them with constant variables. Besides, a comparison of aluminum and copper interconnects and how electromigration happens differently are also discussing in this paper. Then a conclusion on how Black’s equation could use with nanoscale technologies to predict the time during the occurrence of electromigration.
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