Electro-Oxidation of Methanol at Copper and Nickel Modified Clay Electrodes

Abstract

Cu/Clay/316L and Ni/Clay/316L anodes were prepared by the electroplating of a Cu and Ni catalyst layer onto Clay/Stainless Steel plates for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The morphology and structure of the catalyst layers were analyzed by AFM and Optical microscopy. The catalyst coating layer shows an alloy character. The results show that oxides formation at the electrode surface is necessary for the methanol oxidation.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between