Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
February 17, 2026
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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This paper examined the relationship among money demand function, financial innovation and currency substitution in African countries between 1980q1 and 2016q2. Data for the study were sourced from International Financial Statistics (IFS), United Nation Statistical Bulletin, (2016) and Central Banks of various countries selected. The study employed panel ARDL as estimation technique. The result from the showed that there was long-run relationship among money demand, financial innovation and currency substitution in the selected African countries during the study period. The result further showed that income, effective exchange rate, foreign interest rate, savings deposit rate, inflation rate and dummy variables have significant impact on money balances. However, the significant value of exchange rate in the model implies the existence of currency substitution in the selected African countries during the study period. The value of dummy variable showed positive but insignificant. This shows that financial innovation has not really altered the stability of money demand function in the selected African countries. Based on these findings, the study therefore, recommends that monetary authorities in the selected countries should always ready to use active money balances as an effective instrument in designing monetary policy.
Ogunsakin Sanya. 2019. \u201cFinancial Innovation, Money Demand Function and Currency Substitution in Africa\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - E: Economics GJHSS-E Volume 19 (GJHSS Volume 19 Issue E1): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS
Print ISSN 0975-587X
e-ISSN 2249-460X
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This paper examined the relationship among money demand function, financial innovation and currency substitution in African countries between 1980q1 and 2016q2. Data for the study were sourced from International Financial Statistics (IFS), United Nation Statistical Bulletin, (2016) and Central Banks of various countries selected. The study employed panel ARDL as estimation technique. The result from the showed that there was long-run relationship among money demand, financial innovation and currency substitution in the selected African countries during the study period. The result further showed that income, effective exchange rate, foreign interest rate, savings deposit rate, inflation rate and dummy variables have significant impact on money balances. However, the significant value of exchange rate in the model implies the existence of currency substitution in the selected African countries during the study period. The value of dummy variable showed positive but insignificant. This shows that financial innovation has not really altered the stability of money demand function in the selected African countries. Based on these findings, the study therefore, recommends that monetary authorities in the selected countries should always ready to use active money balances as an effective instrument in designing monetary policy.
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