Fixed Bed Column Study for the Removal  of Copper from Aquatic Environment by NCRH

Abstract

This paper reports the results of the study on the performance of low-cost adsorbent such as NCRH in removing copper. The adsorbent materials adopted were found to be an efficient media for the removal of heavy metals in continuous mode using fixed bed column. The fixed bed column experiment was conducted in a column having a diameter of 2 cm with 10 mg/l Cu(II) solution at a bed depth of 10 cm maintaining a constant flow rate of 10 ml/min. The breakthrough and exhaust time were found to be 3.583 and 10.500 h, respectively. Height of adsorption zone was found to be 10.21 cm and the rate at which the adsorption zone was moving through the bed was 1.48 cm/h. The percentage of the total column saturated at breakthrough was found 44.95%. The value of adsorption rate coefficient (K) and adsorption capacity coefficient (N) were obtained as 0.056 l/(mg h) and 1623 mg/l, respectively.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between