Heatline Visualization of Natural Convection in Cavity Subjected by Different Heat Flux Profiles and Filled with  Two Immiscible Fluids of Sulfuric Acid and Air

Abstract

The natural convection heat transfer is investigated in the cavities filled with two immiscible fluids of sulfuric acid-water (25-75%) and air with different profiles of heat flux from side walls. The heatline visualization approach is employed to detect the heat energy path in the cavity from heat sources to heat sinks. The operating fluid is sulfuric acid-water (25-75%) at the bottom region and air at the top of the cavity. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved based on two-dimensional form, and finite volume approach is utilized. The side walls are heated variable heat flux and no-slip condition is applied to them. The top and bottom walls are cooled by environment temperature with no-slip condition.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between