Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
February 17, 2026
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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Biyan Ghebreyesus Okubaghergis
This paper explores the role of informal cross-border trade (ICBT) along the Eritrean-Ethiopian borderlands amidst a situation of war and uncertainty. It seeks to understand whether ICBT has contributed to the socio-economic recovery of people living on either side of the border and to rebuilding peace. It draws on semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions conducted with local informants between May and November 2021, including smugglers, traders, local officials, border guards, and ordinary inhabitants of Serha and Senafe, as well as my previous fieldwork and personal experiences in Eritrea and Ethiopia. My findings reveal that despite some challenges, ICBT has the potential not only to mitigate socio-economic problems among war-torn borderland communities but also to enhance cross-border relations by breaking down the stereotypes of suspicion and mistrust concocted by the warring states.
Biyan Ghebreyesus Okubaghergis. 2026. \u201cInformal Cross-Border Trade along the Eritrean-Ethiopian Border: A Factor of Conflict or a Way of Building Peace?\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - E: Economics GJHSS-E Volume 24 (GJHSS Volume 24 Issue E1): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS
Print ISSN 0975-587X
e-ISSN 2249-460X
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This paper explores the role of informal cross-border trade (ICBT) along the Eritrean-Ethiopian borderlands amidst a situation of war and uncertainty. It seeks to understand whether ICBT has contributed to the socio-economic recovery of people living on either side of the border and to rebuilding peace. It draws on semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions conducted with local informants between May and November 2021, including smugglers, traders, local officials, border guards, and ordinary inhabitants of Serha and Senafe, as well as my previous fieldwork and personal experiences in Eritrea and Ethiopia. My findings reveal that despite some challenges, ICBT has the potential not only to mitigate socio-economic problems among war-torn borderland communities but also to enhance cross-border relations by breaking down the stereotypes of suspicion and mistrust concocted by the warring states.
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