L-lysine Neuro-Dynamic Optimal Control

Abstract

In this paper Neuro-dynamic programming (NDP) is proposed as an alternative to alleviate the “curse of dimensionality” of the Dynamic programming (DP) for optimal control of a fed-batch fermentation process in the L-lysine production. The most effective and cheapest method for the Llysine biosynthesis (in biological active form) is the microbiological method via a direct fermentation. In this paper an optimization method of the L-lysine production from strain Brevibacterium flavum 22LD is used and that is NDP. The results show that the quality of L-lysine enhances at the end of the process. The proposed method is particularly simple to implement and can be applied for on-line optimization.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between