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Essay-based E-exams require answers to be written out at some length in an E-learning platform. The questions require a response with multiple paragraphs and should be logical and wellstructured. These type of examinations are increasingly becoming popular in academic institutions of higher learning based on the experience of COVID-19 pandemic. Since the exam is mainly done virtually with reduced supervision, the risk of impersonation and stolen content from other sources increases. Due to this, there is need to design cost effective and accurate techniques that are able to detect cheating in an essay based E-exam. In this work we develop, train and evaluate real-time LSTM, RNN and GRU algorithms, and then benchmark the performance of the algorithms against other state-of-the-art models in the same study area of detecting cheating in exam in an E-learning environment. Based on a set threshold, the models alert on possible impersonation or stolen content if the discrepancy exceeds the threshold. The evaluation and benchmarking of the algorithms revealed that our GRU model has the highest accuracy of 98.6% compared to other models in similar studies.
Joseph Kombe Samuel. 2026. \u201cMachine Learning Algorithm to Detect Impersonation in an Essay-Based E-Exam\u201d. Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology - D: Neural & AI GJCST-D Volume 23 (GJCST Volume 23 Issue D1): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjcst
Print ISSN 0975-4350
e-ISSN 0975-4172
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Total Score: 113
Country: Kenya
Subject: Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology - D: Neural & AI
Authors: Joseph Kombe Samuel, Dr. Peter Ochieng, Dr. Solomon Mwanjele (PhD/Dr. count: 2)
View Count (all-time): 291
Total Views (Real + Logic): 2350
Total Downloads (simulated): 53
Publish Date: 2026 01, Fri
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Essay-based E-exams require answers to be written out at some length in an E-learning platform. The questions require a response with multiple paragraphs and should be logical and wellstructured. These type of examinations are increasingly becoming popular in academic institutions of higher learning based on the experience of COVID-19 pandemic. Since the exam is mainly done virtually with reduced supervision, the risk of impersonation and stolen content from other sources increases. Due to this, there is need to design cost effective and accurate techniques that are able to detect cheating in an essay based E-exam. In this work we develop, train and evaluate real-time LSTM, RNN and GRU algorithms, and then benchmark the performance of the algorithms against other state-of-the-art models in the same study area of detecting cheating in exam in an E-learning environment. Based on a set threshold, the models alert on possible impersonation or stolen content if the discrepancy exceeds the threshold. The evaluation and benchmarking of the algorithms revealed that our GRU model has the highest accuracy of 98.6% compared to other models in similar studies.
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