New Numerals and Alphabets -Contribution towards New Knowledge, Cryptology,  Encryption, Learner Support, and Afrocentric Studies

New Numerals and Alphabets -Contribution towards New Knowledge, Cryptology, Encryption, Learner Support, and Afrocentric Studies

Kwesi Atta Sakyi

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GJSFR Volume 20 Issue I5

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New Numerals and Alphabets -Contribution towards New Knowledge, Cryptology, Encryption, Learner Support, and Afrocentric Studies Banner

Human communication has developed over thousands of years with contributions to the development of written alphabets and numerals coming from the ancient Phoenicians, Sumerians, Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks, Romans, Indians and Arabs. Our objective in this paper is to introduce new forms of alphabets and numerals which have been developed by us as our personal contribution to the subject of human communication. We developed these characters about ten years ago and now we feel it is time to publish it in a short communication. In this paper, we review some of the literature pertaining to the development of writing and then we introduce the new forms of writing developed by usby stating forward how these new forms of writing can be applied in the real world of human communication. We hope that the new numerals and alphabets will be useful in the fields of encryption, cryptology, and education.

62 Cites in Articles

References

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F Agbodeka (1965). CHAPTER X. The West and Non-Western Nationalism.
J Ajayi (1972). History of West Africa-A 1000 years of West African History.
M Ansah (2018). Reminiscing the Contribution of a Pioneer of Development of the Twi Language: Clement Anderson AkrofiGhana.
A Armah (1973). Osiris Rising 7.
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A Armah,A Armah The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born 12.
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John Baines (2007). Visual and written culture in ancient Egypt.
M Bernal (1987). Black Athena.
J Black (2008). The Disappearance of Writing Systems: Perspectives on Literacy and Communication.
A Boahen,J Ajayi,M &tichy (1986). African Perspectives on Colonialism.
G Bonfante,L Bonfante (2002). The Etruscan Language.
C Boyer (1944). Fundamental Steps in the Development of Numeration.
Claridge (1915). History of the Gold Coast 21.
M Coe,M Van Stone (2005). Reading the Maya Glyphs, Thames and Hudson.
B Davidson (1995). Africa in History London.
B Davidson (1985). The African Slave TradeLondon: Touchstone.
Sterling Dow (1952). Greek Numerals.
Factsanddetails (null). Alphabet. Epichoric alphabets..
J Fage (2001). A History of Africa.
J Fage (1983). Unknown Title.
F Fanon (1961). The Wretched of the Earth 30.
D Fowler (1999). The mathematics of Plato's Academy.
James Gow (1883). The Greek Numerical Alphabet.
R Hackl (1909). Merkantile Inschriften auf attischen Vasen.
How to read Medieval Handwriting (Palaeography) Harvard Geoffrey Chaucer Website.
T Heath (1921). A History of Greek Mathematics 2 vols.
A Helmenstine (2019). Numbers of Zeros in a Million, Billion, Trillion, and more.
Hongjin Liu (2018). Who first created the Chinese term for psychology—Xin Li Xue?.
G Ifrah (1998). The Universal History of Numbers.
Lambros Malafouris (2010). Grasping the concept of number: How did the sapient mind move beyond approximation?.
The Archaeology of Measurement.
J Marcus (1992). Mesoamerican Writing Systems.
A Mazrui (1987). The Africans: A Triple Heritage London: BBC Publications.
Melissa (2013). Alphabet. Origin..
Marshall Mcluhan (1997). Media Research.
C Nice (2010). The 24 Letters of the Alphabet.
Hans Nissen,Peter Heine,Hans Nissen (2009). From Mesopotamia to Iraq.
K Opoku (1978). West African Traditional Religion: A Study of the Beliefs and Practices of Akan and EweLondon: FEP International Private Limited.
S Obeng (1997). Selected Speeches of Kwame Nkrumah Accra: Afram Publications.
I Okpewho (1981). Cheikh Anta Diop-The Search for a Philosophy of African Culture Cahiers d.
A Parpola (1994). Deciphering the Indus Script.
B Powell (2009). Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization.
B Racoma (2018). Alphabet. Origin..
W Rodney (1973). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa London: Bogle-L' Ouverture.
H Rogers (2005). Writing Systems, A Linguistic Approach.
R Salomon (2012). Some Principles and Patterns of Script Change.
B Sass (2005). The Alphabet at the Turn of the Millennium, The West Semitic Alphabet ca. 1150-850 BC -The Antiquity of the Arabian, Greek and Phrygian Alphabets.
D Schmandt-Besserat (2007). When Writing Met Art.
D Schmandt-Besserat (1996). How Writing Came About.
D Schmandt-Besserat (1992). Before Writing (2 vols).
A Smit,Posnansky,A Dantzig (1974). History of Ghana…. A series of Lectures Published by American Women's Association.
G Southgate (1929). A Textbook of Modern English History 1465-1714.
G Southgate (1956). A Textbook of Modern European History London.
Efraim Turban,David King,Jae Lee,Ting-Peng Liang,Deborrah Turban (2015). Electronic Commerce.
E Underwood (1946). The Second World War: A Short History. Rev. ed.
W Ward (1958). A Short History of Ghana London.
The) Origin of the Alphabet.
J Webster,A Boahen,H Idowu,F Buah,B Davidson (1967). The Revolutionary Years: West Africa since 1800 History.
(2014). The Edge of the Alphabet.
Q Xigui (2000). Chinese Writing, The Institute of East Asian Studies, The University of California.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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Kwesi Atta Sakyi. 2020. \u201cNew Numerals and Alphabets -Contribution towards New Knowledge, Cryptology, Encryption, Learner Support, and Afrocentric Studies\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - I: Interdisciplinary GJSFR-I Volume 20 (GJSFR Volume 20 Issue I5): .

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GJSFR Volume 20 Issue I5
Pg. 55- 69

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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

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GJSFR-I Classification: FOR Code: 330199p

Submission ReceivedAugust 24, 2020
RevisedAugust 24, 2020
Peer Review Double Blind
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Accepted September 19, 2020
Published October 1, 2020

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October 27, 2020

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62 Cites in Articles

References

A Afigbo,K (1967). Dike and the African Historical Renaissance 2.
F Agbodeka (1965). CHAPTER X. The West and Non-Western Nationalism.
J Ajayi (1972). History of West Africa-A 1000 years of West African History.
M Ansah (2018). Reminiscing the Contribution of a Pioneer of Development of the Twi Language: Clement Anderson AkrofiGhana.
A Armah (1973). Osiris Rising 7.
A Armah (2002). KMT: In the House of Life 9.
A Armah,A Armah The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born 12.
R Bagley (2004). Anyang writing and the Origin of the Chinese writing system.
John Baines (2007). Visual and written culture in ancient Egypt.
M Bernal (1987). Black Athena.
J Black (2008). The Disappearance of Writing Systems: Perspectives on Literacy and Communication.
A Boahen,J Ajayi,M &tichy (1986). African Perspectives on Colonialism.
G Bonfante,L Bonfante (2002). The Etruscan Language.
C Boyer (1944). Fundamental Steps in the Development of Numeration.
Claridge (1915). History of the Gold Coast 21.
M Coe,M Van Stone (2005). Reading the Maya Glyphs, Thames and Hudson.
B Davidson (1995). Africa in History London.
B Davidson (1985). The African Slave TradeLondon: Touchstone.
Sterling Dow (1952). Greek Numerals.
Factsanddetails (null). Alphabet. Epichoric alphabets..
J Fage (2001). A History of Africa.
J Fage (1983). Unknown Title.
F Fanon (1961). The Wretched of the Earth 30.
D Fowler (1999). The mathematics of Plato's Academy.
James Gow (1883). The Greek Numerical Alphabet.
R Hackl (1909). Merkantile Inschriften auf attischen Vasen.
How to read Medieval Handwriting (Palaeography) Harvard Geoffrey Chaucer Website.
T Heath (1921). A History of Greek Mathematics 2 vols.
A Helmenstine (2019). Numbers of Zeros in a Million, Billion, Trillion, and more.
Hongjin Liu (2018). Who first created the Chinese term for psychology—Xin Li Xue?.
G Ifrah (1998). The Universal History of Numbers.
Lambros Malafouris (2010). Grasping the concept of number: How did the sapient mind move beyond approximation?.
The Archaeology of Measurement.
J Marcus (1992). Mesoamerican Writing Systems.
A Mazrui (1987). The Africans: A Triple Heritage London: BBC Publications.
Melissa (2013). Alphabet. Origin..
Marshall Mcluhan (1997). Media Research.
C Nice (2010). The 24 Letters of the Alphabet.
Hans Nissen,Peter Heine,Hans Nissen (2009). From Mesopotamia to Iraq.
K Opoku (1978). West African Traditional Religion: A Study of the Beliefs and Practices of Akan and EweLondon: FEP International Private Limited.
S Obeng (1997). Selected Speeches of Kwame Nkrumah Accra: Afram Publications.
I Okpewho (1981). Cheikh Anta Diop-The Search for a Philosophy of African Culture Cahiers d.
A Parpola (1994). Deciphering the Indus Script.
B Powell (2009). Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization.
B Racoma (2018). Alphabet. Origin..
W Rodney (1973). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa London: Bogle-L' Ouverture.
H Rogers (2005). Writing Systems, A Linguistic Approach.
R Salomon (2012). Some Principles and Patterns of Script Change.
B Sass (2005). The Alphabet at the Turn of the Millennium, The West Semitic Alphabet ca. 1150-850 BC -The Antiquity of the Arabian, Greek and Phrygian Alphabets.
D Schmandt-Besserat (2007). When Writing Met Art.
D Schmandt-Besserat (1996). How Writing Came About.
D Schmandt-Besserat (1992). Before Writing (2 vols).
A Smit,Posnansky,A Dantzig (1974). History of Ghana…. A series of Lectures Published by American Women's Association.
G Southgate (1929). A Textbook of Modern English History 1465-1714.
G Southgate (1956). A Textbook of Modern European History London.
Efraim Turban,David King,Jae Lee,Ting-Peng Liang,Deborrah Turban (2015). Electronic Commerce.
E Underwood (1946). The Second World War: A Short History. Rev. ed.
W Ward (1958). A Short History of Ghana London.
The) Origin of the Alphabet.
J Webster,A Boahen,H Idowu,F Buah,B Davidson (1967). The Revolutionary Years: West Africa since 1800 History.
(2014). The Edge of the Alphabet.
Q Xigui (2000). Chinese Writing, The Institute of East Asian Studies, The University of California.

Download References

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