Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
February 17, 2026
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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For high speed data communication, the latest 5G wireless technology has the capacity to fulfil the requirements of broadcasting live events, high definition video streaming, autonomous driving, robotics and so on. Instead of conventional low-gain narrow bandwidth antennas, high-gain wide-band antennas are needed for reliable 5G wireless communication. In this paper, we proposed a novel slot-loaded microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with helipad like ground modification for lower 5G frequency spectrum at around 3GHz. The antenna is designed and fabricated on FR-4 substrate. The bandwidth obtained from simulation is about 1.78 GHz which is 18 times larger than that of a conventional MPA with full ground plane. The magnitudes of the simulated and measured return losses are found -46.51 dB and -36.48 dB, respectively. The measured radiation patterns of the conventional and the proposed MPA are found hemispherical and bi-directional, respectively.
Sadiya Afrin Swarna. 2019. \u201cNovel Microstrip Patch Antenna with Modified Ground Plane for 5G Wideband Applications\u201d. Global Journal of Research in Engineering - F: Electrical & Electronic GJRE-F Volume 19 (GJRE Volume 19 Issue F1): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjre
Print ISSN 0975-5861
e-ISSN 2249-4596
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For high speed data communication, the latest 5G wireless technology has the capacity to fulfil the requirements of broadcasting live events, high definition video streaming, autonomous driving, robotics and so on. Instead of conventional low-gain narrow bandwidth antennas, high-gain wide-band antennas are needed for reliable 5G wireless communication. In this paper, we proposed a novel slot-loaded microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with helipad like ground modification for lower 5G frequency spectrum at around 3GHz. The antenna is designed and fabricated on FR-4 substrate. The bandwidth obtained from simulation is about 1.78 GHz which is 18 times larger than that of a conventional MPA with full ground plane. The magnitudes of the simulated and measured return losses are found -46.51 dB and -36.48 dB, respectively. The measured radiation patterns of the conventional and the proposed MPA are found hemispherical and bi-directional, respectively.
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