Oil and Conflict Nexus: The Greed Model and Insecurity in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Oil and Conflict Nexus: The Greed Model and Insecurity in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Crosdel O. Emuedo

Contact

Crosdel Emuedo

Contact

α Western Delta University

Oil and Conflict Nexus: The Greed Model and Insecurity in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

U147Y

Oil and Conflict Nexus: The Greed Model and Insecurity in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Banner

AI TAKEAWAY

Connecting with the Eternal Ground

Abstract

The Niger Delta has for the past two decades been the focus of national and international discuss. The region was virtually ungovernable; enmeshed in panoply of violent conflicts that dove-tailed into near full blown youths driven insurgency. This made the region anarchic and inhospitable for the oil companies. Various studies posit a close link between natural resources and conflict, and oil as being central to conflict. This perspective is underpinned by the greed (economic) model, which posits that conflicts in Africa are greed driven. Militants’ involvement in oil theft has given fillip to the notion that greed underpins insecurity in the Niger Delta. The paper examines the Niger Delta conflicts within the context of the greed model. The paper concludes that insecurity has been goaded by grievance rather than greed as conflicts in the Niger Delta evolved through many stages of oppression, repression and exploitation.

References

112 Cites in Article

Reference Format

A Adeyemo (2002). The Oil Industry Extra-Ministerial Institutions and Sustainable Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Okrika L.G.A. of Rivers State.
J Agbonifo (2007). Review of High states and Stake holders: Oil Conflicts and Security in Nigeria by Kenneth Omeje.
C Ake (1996). Shelling Nigeria Ablaze.
George Akerlof,Rachel Kranton (2000). Economics and Identity*.
R Akinyele (1998). Institutional Approach to the Environmental Problems of the Niger Delta.
C Arnson (2005). Political Economy of War Situating the Debate.
Ashton-Jones,N (1998). The Human Ecosystems of the Niger Delta.
J Asuni (2009). Understanding the armed groups of the Niger Delta.
(2001). Resource Abundance and Economic Development.
J Averill (1982). Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion.
James Averill (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion..
E Azar (1990). The management of protracted social conflict: Theory and cases.
R Barker,T Dembo,K Lewin (1941). Studies in topological and vector psychology: No.2. Experiments on regression and frustration.
J Banfield (1998). The corporate responsibility debate.
N Benson,J Essien,A Williams,D Bassey (2007). Mercury accumulation in fishes from tropical aquatic ecosystems in the Niger Delta.
M Berdal,D Malone (2000). Greed and Grievance.
Leonard Berkowitz (1969). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation..
L Berkowitz (1978). Whatever happened to the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
A Boney (1983). Phytoplankton.
A Boschini,J Peterson,J Roine (2004). Resource Curse or Not? A Question of Appropriability.
G Brooks (1994). Street, Prof. Peter Ronald, (born 4 May 1944), Development Director, Genus International Consultancy, 1999; Director, Produce Studies Ltd, 1992.
J Button (1978). Black Violence.
B Buzan (1991). New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty first Century.
W Churchill (2005). Press Release.
P Collier (1999). Doing Well out of War.
P Collier,A Hoeffler (1998). On economic causes of civil war.
(2000). Index.
(2002). On the Incidence of Civil War in Africa.
(2004). Greed and Grievance in Civil Wars.
F Coronil (1997). The Magical State.
K Dance,H Hynes (1980). Some effects of agricultural land use on stream insect communities.
K Dike (1956). Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830-1885.
P Dimaggio,W Powell (1991). Introduction.
J Dollard,L Doob,N Miller,O Mowrer,R Sears (1939). Frustration and Aggression.
Kenneth Dodge (1986). Social information-processing variables in the development of aggression and altruism in children.
F Egberongbe,P Nwilo,O Badejo (2006). Oil Spill Disaster Monitoring Along Nigerian Coastline.
A El-Kenz (1996). Youth and Violence.
Stephen Enabulele,Onowoyoume Ugha (2005). Antimicrobial, Phytochemical and Nutritional Properties of Tetrapluera tetraptera Seed and Fruit Extracts.
C Emuedo,S Ebohon (2009). State and Elite "Exceptionalism"; The Political Sociology of Reverse Agenda.
C Emuedo (2010). Politics of Conflict Oilification and Petro-Violence in the Niger Delta.
T Ertman (1997). Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Early Modern Europe.
Esraa Abd,Shireen Alkhalil,Wafaa Alawsy2,Bassam Hamid1,Diaa Hassan (2005). Prediction of soil cation exchange capacity using stepwise regression based on texture and organic matter content.
O Fashina (1998). Reflections on the National Question.
James Fearon,David Laitin (2003). Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.
Nkuene, G.S.,Nwafili, S.A. (2002). Some Growth Characteristics of Pellonula leonensis from Luubara Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria.
A Gerschenkron (1962). Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective.
J Gerth,L Labaton (2004). Shell withheld reserves data aid Nigeria.
L Gilbert (2010). Youth Militancy, Amnesty and Security in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.
P Grevy (1995). The Niger Delta in Nigeria: A Pollution Assessment Study.
Y Guichaoua (2009). Handeln für Europa.
T Gurr (1970). Why Men Rebel.
T Gurr (1991). Theories of Political Violence and Revolution in the Third World.
T Gylfason (2001). Nature, Power, and Growth.
H Hegre,N Sambanis (2006). Sensitivity Analysis of the Empirical Literature on Civil War Onset.
T Hunt (2000). WEB.
A Ikein (1990). The Impact of Oil on a Developing Country: The Case of Nigeria, Augustine A. Ikein. 1990. Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT. 328 pages. ISBN: 0-275--93364-4. $45.00.
(2006). Afghanistanandrsquo;s endangered compact / International Crisis Group (ICG)..
T Isoun (2001). Environmental Challenges of the Niger Delta.
A Jones (1987). Temporal Pattern in Macrobenthic Communities of the Hawksbury Estuary, New South Wales, Australian.
R Kapucinski (1982). The Shah of Shahs.
T Karl (1997). The Paradox of Plenty.
J Keane (1998). Civil Society: Old Images, New Visions.
S Khan (1994). Nigeria: The Political Economy of Oil.
T Klett,T Ahlbrandt,J Schmoker,J Dolton (1997). Ranking of the world's oil and gas provinces by known petroleum volumes.
James Kurth (1979). The political consequences of the product cycle: industrial history and political outcomes.
M Kutty (1987). Site selection for aquaculture: Chemical features of water.
Carlos Leite,Jens Weidmann (1999). Does Mother Nature Corrupt: Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth.
S Liebowitz,S Margolis (1995). Path Dependence, Lock-in, and History.
M¬ Lipsky (1970). Protest in city politics. By Michael Lipsky. Rand McNally and Company, P. O. Box 7600, Chicago 60680, 1970. xiii, 214 pp. $5.95.
X Liu,K Wirtz (2005). Sequential negotiation in multiagent systems of oils, spill response decision-making.
D Lowenthal (1986). The Past is a Foreign Country.
M Lubeck,M Watts,L Lipschutz (2007). Energy Security and Climate Policy - Assessing Interactions.
James Mahoney (2000). Path dependence in historical sociology.
O Manzano,R Rigobon (2001). Resource Curse or Debt Overhang?.
A Mbembe (2001). On the Postcolony.
John Mccarthy,Mayer Zald (1977). Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.
J Meyer,B Rowan (1991). Institutionalised organisations: formal structure as myth and ceremony.
Per Mickwitz (2003). A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Policy Instruments.
D Moffat,O Linden (1995). Perception and Reality: Assessing Priority for the Sustainable Development in the Niger Delta.
S Murshed,M Tadjoeddin (2007). Reappraising the Greed and Grievance Explanations for Violent Internal Conflict.
M Mwanasali (2000). The view from below.
A Nassiter (2010). Far from Gulf, a spill scourge five decades old.
(2009). Effect of Industrial Relations on Employees’ Commitment in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Nigeria.
Afolasade Nubi,Olubunmi Nubi,Franco-Garcia Laura,Laoye Oyediran (2011). Effective solid waste management: A solution to the menace of marine litter in coastal communities of Lagos State, Nigeria.
K Nwajiaku-Dahou (2012). The political economy of oil and 'rebellion' in Nigeria's Niger Delta.
P Odjugo (2010). The impact of natural gas flaring on micro climate on yield of Egusi melon (Citrullus lanatus) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Centre for Population and Development.
J Ohiorhenan (1984). The Political Economy of Military rule in Nigeria.
I Okonta (2006). Behind the Mask: Explaining the Emergence of the MEND Militia in Nigeria's Oil Bearing Niger Delta.
G Okpokwasili (1996). Microbial degradation of petroleum by brackish water isolates in Nigeria Wetlands.
M Olson (1965). The Logic of Collective Action.
K Omeje (2006). Petrobusiness and Security Threats in the Niger Delta.
B Peters,J Pierre,D King,S (2005). The Politics of Path Dependency: Political Conflicts in Historical Institutionalism.
F Piven,R Cloward (1977). <bold>Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail</bold>. By Frances Fox Piven and Richard A. Cloward. New York: Pantheon Books, 1977. 381 pp. $12.95.
C Ronnfeldt (1997). Three Generations of Environment and Security Research.
Michael Ross (2004). How Do Natural Resources Influence Civil War? Evidence from Thirteen Cases.
(2010). Oil Snapshot and Country Overview.
J Sachs,A Warner (1997). Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth.
(1999). Development Policies in Natural Resource Economies.
Jeffrey Sachs,Andrew Warner (2001). The curse of natural resources.
W Scott (1995). Institutions and Organizations.
Martin Shefter (1977). Party and Patronage: Germany, England, and Italy.
B Shelby,S Duquesne,D Gore (1996). Management and remediation of contaminated sites at Casey Station, Antarctica.
F Stewart (0106). Crisis Prevention: Tackling Horizontal Inequalities.
G Udoinyang (2005). UNDP programme positioning.
J Van Dessel (0110). The Environmental Situation in the Niger Delta.
Michael Watts (2008). Imperial oil: the anatomy of a Nigerian oil insurgency.
Welch (1995). The Ogoni and Selfdetermination: Increasing Violence in Nigeria.
D Welsh (1996). Ethnicity in sub-Saharan Africa.
B Weiner (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion.
H Willink,G Hadow,P Mason,J Shearer (1958). Nigeria: Report of the Commission appointed to enquire into the fears of Minorities and the Means of Allaying Them.
L Zucker (1983). Organizations as institutions.
(1984). Samuel B. Bacharach (ed.): Research in the Sociology of Organizations: A Research Annual, Vol. 1 1982, Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press. 329 pages.

Download References

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Crosdel O. Emuedo. 2014. \u201cOil and Conflict Nexus: The Greed Model and Insecurity in the Niger Delta, Nigeria\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - F: Political Science GJHSS-F Volume 14 (GJHSS Volume 14 Issue F4): .

More Citation Formats

Select Citation Style:

Download Citation

Download Article

GJHSS Volume 14 Issue F4
Pg. 7- 16

Explore Journals Explore Volume Read This Issue

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

Keywords

greed insecurity niger delta Oil

Submission ReceivedDecember 15, 2013
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted January 3, 2014
Published January 15, 2014

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

September 11, 2014

Language

Experiance in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

View in VR

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

View in 3D

Article Matrices

Total Score: 101

Country: Nigeria

Subject: Global Journal of Human-Social Science - F: Political Science

Authors: Crosdel Emuedo (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

View Count (all-time): 39

Total Views (Real + Logic): 4128

Total Downloads (simulated): 2283

Publish Date: 2014 09, Thu

Monthly Totals (Real + Logic):

Month 1: 34 views
Month 2: 62 views
Month 3: 43 views
Month 4: 47 views
Month 5: 38 views
Month 6: 54 views
Month 7: 39 views
Month 8: 31 views
Month 9: 49 views
Month 10: 48 views
Month 11: 41 views
Month 12: 15 views
Month 13: 18 views
Month 14: 23 views
Month 15: 20 views
Month 16: 26 views
Month 17: 15 views
Month 18: 31 views
Month 19: 32 views
Month 20: 45 views
Month 21: 24 views
Month 22: 13 views
Month 23: 32 views
Month 24: 22 views
Month 25: 24 views
Month 26: 15 views
Month 27: 16 views
Month 28: 37 views
Month 29: 42 views
Month 30: 29 views
Month 31: 23 views
Month 32: 30 views
Month 33: 22 views
Month 34: 20 views
Month 35: 25 views
Month 36: 42 views
Month 37: 28 views
Month 38: 42 views
Month 39: 41 views
Month 40: 35 views
Month 41: 42 views
Month 42: 19 views
Month 43: 35 views
Month 44: 32 views
Month 45: 41 views
Month 46: 18 views
Month 47: 32 views
Month 48: 32 views
Month 49: 40 views
Month 50: 13 views
Month 51: 29 views
Month 52: 15 views
Month 53: 24 views
Month 54: 27 views
Month 55: 31 views
Month 56: 33 views
Month 57: 31 views
Month 58: 38 views
Month 59: 18 views
Month 60: 39 views
Month 61: 36 views
Month 62: 21 views
Month 63: 47 views
Month 64: 35 views
Month 65: 13 views
Month 66: 40 views
Month 67: 27 views
Month 68: 29 views
Month 69: 30 views
Month 70: 19 views
Month 71: 26 views
Month 72: 33 views
Month 73: 45 views
Month 74: 21 views
Month 75: 32 views
Month 76: 26 views
Month 77: 33 views
Month 78: 23 views
Month 79: 42 views
Month 80: 14 views
Month 81: 21 views
Month 82: 26 views
Month 83: 37 views
Month 84: 38 views
Month 85: 16 views
Month 86: 29 views
Month 87: 27 views
Month 88: 44 views
Month 89: 14 views
Month 90: 38 views
Month 91: 30 views
Month 92: 22 views
Month 93: 26 views
Month 94: 19 views
Month 95: 26 views
Month 96: 45 views
Month 97: 33 views
Month 98: 18 views
Month 99: 40 views
Month 100: 23 views
Month 101: 25 views
Month 102: 23 views
Month 103: 21 views
Month 104: 26 views
Month 105: 23 views
Month 106: 28 views
Month 107: 32 views
Month 108: 16 views
Month 109: 44 views
Month 110: 26 views
Month 111: 25 views
Month 112: 35 views
Month 113: 22 views
Month 114: 41 views
Month 115: 28 views
Month 116: 43 views
Month 117: 15 views
Month 118: 22 views
Month 119: 17 views
Month 120: 43 views
Month 121: 34 views
Month 122: 19 views
Month 123: 17 views
Month 124: 35 views
Month 125: 27 views
Month 126: 24 views
Month 127: 25 views
Month 128: 12 views
Month 129: 21 views
Month 130: 31 views
Month 131: 17 views
Month 132: 21 views
Month 133: 41 views
Month 134: 22 views
Month 135: 28 views
Month 136: 21 views
Month 137: 41 views
Month 138: 35 views
Month 139: 45 views
Month 140: 41 views

Total Views: 4128

Total Downloads: 2283

2026 Trends

Published Article

Our website is actively being updated, and changes may occur frequently. Please clear your browser cache if needed. For feedback or error reporting, please email [email protected]