Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water From Hand Dug Wells In Tudun Wada, Kaduna-Nigeria

Abstract

Physico -chemical characteristics of water from five different hand dug wells in Tudun wada, Kaduna-Nigeria (Mando road, Rigasa road, Jada road, ungwan sanusi and Faskari road) in Tudun wada, Kaduna were investigated. The results of the physical parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity and total dissolved solids) of the water samples analyzed suggest the suitability of the water for domestic and other uses. However, results from the analysis of the chemical properties such as total hardness, sulphates, chloride and nitrates give values above the world health organization standard for drinking water quality for some wells.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between