Questionnaire Survey Results on Chewing of 90 People who Participated in the Health Class

Naomi Katayama; Shoko Kondo

I. INTRODUCTION

In Japan, the 8020 campaign has been widely publicized by peoples. This campaign is that you should have 20 teeth and chew your teeth to eat enough to maintain your nutrition and health. If we finish eating in a shorter time than the signal reaches the satiety center, you may overeat. And our blood sugar level will rise sharply, and excess sugar will accumulate in our body as fat, resulting in obesity.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

a) Participants

Participants were informed about the study, signed a consent form, and voluntarily participated in this study. A chewing questionnaire Survey was conducted on 90 people who participated in the health class. Participants voluntarily participated in the chewing questionnaire.

b) Chewing questionnaire survey

Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire about twenty items related to chewing. Table 1 shows the contents of each item.

Table 1276: Table 1. Chewing questionnaire

20-item

Using removable partial dentures

Using full dentures

Currently attending a dentist

Have regular dental examinations

Have a tooth that is currently being treated

Have swollen gums

Blood comes out of the gums

Always interested in teeth

Heard the name of xylitol, which usually chews gum

Heard the name of Mutans bacteria, which usually chews gum

Can bite an apple with its skin

Have confidence in teeth

Think teeth are strong

Know the 8020 movement

There is a tooth that is an insert tooth

Think I am chewing on food

Chew a bite of food more than 30 times

Do you brush your teeth after a snack?

Did you do fluoridation of your teeth when you were in elementary school?

habit of chewing gum

c) Questionnaire survey results regarding time spent on meals

Participants filled in a self-administered questionnaire for the time spent on the three meals.

d) Ethical review board

This study was conducted with the approval of the Ethical Review Board (Nagoya women's university 'hito wo mochii ta kennkyuu nikansuru iinnkai'). The approval number is 2020-26.

III. RESULTS

a) Participant results

There were 90 participants, fourmales and 86 females. The age distribution is shown in Table 2.

Table 1275: Table 2. Age distribution of participants

	10s	20s	30s	40s	50s	60s
Maie	0	2	0	1	1	0
Female	25	42	4	7	6	2

Show the basic information of the participants in Table 3. The Average $\pm$ standard deviation of age for 86 females is $26.8 \pm 12.3$ . The Average $\pm$ standard deviation of the age for four males is $35.8 \pm 18.3$ .

Table 1274: Table 3. Basic information of participants (

\mathrm{n} = {90}

)

	Female (n=86)			Male (n=4)
	Age	Height	Weight	Age	Height	Weight
Average	26.8	157.0	50.7	35.8	172.0	66.3
Atandard diviation	12.3	5.4	6.8	18.3	5.7	5.3
Median	20	157.75	50	34.5	173.5	66.5
Maximum	69	169.6	80	54	177	72
Minimum	12	147	39	20	164	60

b) Questionnaire survey results

Table 4 shows the results of a questionnaire survey on mastication for 90 participants. Of the participants, $4.4\%$ had partial dentures, and none had complete dentures. $36.7\%$ of the participants went to the dentist regularly. Of the participants, $97.8\%$ knew the name of Xylitol, and $46.7\%$ knew the 8020 campaign (keeping 20 teeth at age 80). Among the participants, $47.8\%$ felt they could chew food well, and $41.1\%$ felt that their teeth were strong. Among the participants, $67.8\%$ had their teeth treated with fluoride in elementary school, and $22.2\%$ had the habit of chewing gum.

c) Questionnaire survey results regarding time spent on meals results

Most the participants spent 10 minutes on breakfast, 15 minutes on lunch, and 20 or 30 minutes on dinner.

The average time of participants was 12.8 minutes for breakfast, 18.6 minutes for lunch, and 24.8 minutes for dinner.

IV. DISCUSSION

Most participants who attended the health class this time did not have a habit of chewing gum. However, almost everyone knew the word xylitol. But about half of the participants knew the talk of the 8020 campaign. Participants could bite the apple with the skin, but were less confident in the teeth. Participants replied that they chew food, but did not chew 30 times. If participants can prevented by eating the food bite little over time, the blood glucose level after a meal can moderate. Many researchers have reported the relationship between rumination and cognition/dementia risk $^{1}$ , and other effects on brain functions $^{2}$ . Masticatory force is measured by device development and computational model $^{3,4}$ , and research to clarify occlusal orifice $^{3,4,5,6}$ reports. Studies have also reported that chewing gum increases bite force $^{7}$ . The authors reported that high school students, university students, and middle-aged adults ate a meal less than 30 minutes per meal $^{8}$ . In addition, the authors reported the results of training chewing power by chewing gum every day before meals for 30 days⁹⁾. Furthermore, the authors reported whether or not chewing gum improves masticatory strength¹⁰⁾. We want to convey the importance of chewing through these educational activities.

V. CONCLUSIONS

We reported the results of a self-administered questionnaire survey on mastication performed on 90 participants who voluntarily consented to the study. As a result, less than half of the participants answered that they consciously had solid teeth and could chew food well. The average time taken by the participants to eat every three meal was less than 30 minutes. Many of the participants had no habit of chewing gum.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was supported by the Japanese Society of Taste Technology, 2019.