Resolution of the M-shape Pattern of the Outdoor Air Temperature Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Metropolitan Areas in a Country: Using Long-term Monthly Level Data of Taipei City as Empirical Evidence

Resolution of the M-shape Pattern of the Outdoor Air Temperature Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Metropolitan Areas in a Country: Using Long-term Monthly Level Data of Taipei City as Empirical Evidence

Wu-Jang Huang

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National Pingtung University of Science and Technology

Resolution of the M-shape Pattern of the Outdoor Air Temperature Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Metropolitan Areas in a Country: Using Long-term Monthly Level Data of Taipei City as Empirical Evidence

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Abstract

In Taiwan, the heat island effect is the most significant in Taipei City. Thus this research provides a causal explanation for why urban outdoor air temperature has an M-shape EKC pattern for metropolitan areas in a country. Results show that the growth rate change in CO2 concentration can induce changes to the periods of the La Nino effect and EI Nino effect, causing high fluctuations in rain accumulation. The amount of rain then alters A-type evaporation, and so the evaporation amount is the top factor for the diffusion of a city’s heat. This fluctuation plays as a cooling and heating source for the V region of the M shape in the outdoor air temperature EKC pattern. In our previous studies, the growth rate change in CO2 concentration correlates to the energy structure. Therefore, a heat sinking model has been proposed to explain the accumulation of heat in a city, in which a proportion process for the solar irradiation source from buildings and remodeling engineering from a public housing policy and the private sector can play as a heating source of the two peaks of the M shape and present long-term linear growth in the outdoor air temperature EKC pattern.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Wu-Jang Huang. 2021. \u201cResolution of the M-shape Pattern of the Outdoor Air Temperature Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Metropolitan Areas in a Country: Using Long-term Monthly Level Data of Taipei City as Empirical Evidence\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - E: Economics GJHSS-E Volume 21 (GJHSS Volume 21 Issue E6).

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GJHSS Volume 21 Issue E6

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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

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GJHSS-E Classification FOR Code: 149999

Submission ReceivedApril 7, 2021
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted May 5, 2021
Published May 15, 2021

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v1.2

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November 24, 2021

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