Salishan and North-Caucasian

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Vitalij Shevoroshkin
Vitalij Shevoroshkin
α University of Michigan University of Michigan

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Abstract

Central Salish [CS

References

86 Cites in Article
  1. Scoop NWk c'iq-// NEC *| _ cÊ Ð aq'wÊ a.
  2. Tight Narrow NWk c'iq'-, c'iq'‚-(also with q, q‚) // NEC *¾ c'iq'wV 'tight plait.
  3. Stick Pole NWk c'waÓ x-, Kw c'ux‚-'insert (pole)', c'x‚-'stab.
  4. H Morris (1915). Fáilte Maighistir Ió Pluinceat.
  5. Fresh NWk:Oo c'uta (<*c'w-?) // NC *, fresh, new.
  6. Black (null). Provenance of Aerosol Black Carbon (BC) over Northeast Indian Ocean and South China Sea and Implications for Oceanic BC Cycling.
  7. POINT: NWk c'm-'idex finger; to p.
  8. Fabienne Furt,Benoit Lefebvre,Julie Cullimore,Jean-Jacques Bessoule,Sébastien Mongrand (2007). Plant Lipid Rafts, Fluctuat nec mergitur.
  9. SHARPEN: NWk *zuÓ x‚-// NC Metath. and w-shift in pre-Wk?.
  10. Milk NWk: Kw, Oo zam'-a '(suck at the) breast'; *zm-x‚-'milky' (in Oo) // NC *=È amaeÊ U 'to milk, to drink.
  11. Curved Crooked Unknown Title.
  12. CUT: NWk t'ew-(in Kw verb t'ew| ik‚) // NC *=È at'wV.
  13. I Kw -en.
  14. Dirt (2013). (H)ap'V / Urartu nÈ ap'-(as in nÈ ap'-a¼-'overthrow.
  15. A Jester,A Harth,G Germann (2008). „Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand“-Fragebogen.
  16. Swallow (1975). Q.
  17. MOUNTAIN GOAT: NWk n'aÓ x-(He n'aÓ xa) // NEC *Ó/¿È an_ xV.
  18. Flash (2017). Flash and ambient light exposure.
  19. Bright (null). All-Inorganic Lead-Free Doped-Metal Halides for Bright Solid-State Emission from Primary Colors to White Light.
  20. Anthony Trollope (2008). Hard Words.
  21. Johann Kirsten,Johan Van Rooyen (2011). NWK LIMITED.
  22. Frank. Ridgway (1927). Why grow ordinary strawberries when you can grow these? : the great new Mastodon ; How to grow the world's greatest Everbearing strawberry, Mastodon /.
  23. Gather (null). And Also It Goes Back to Th at Whistle.
  24. Throat Swallow IS:Th mñq' 'satiate.
  25. (2017). We Were a Handful.
  26. A Few Comparisons Between Sa,And (null). Figure 8. Parametric analysis of arbor area, arbor depth, axon length, and number of follicles innervated across arbor classes..
  27. Lezgi. -Besides (null). Figure 2: Word cloud that shows most frequent terms in the multilingual dataset..
  28. Day (2003). NEC enters UK market.
  29. (2013). UC q'iÓ x-'day' Lezg. *q:i 'today' < *Hw_ q''V 'day' (3) DRINK: Ts:UC q‚oÍ / IS:Th Íu-q‚eÍ / CS:Se q‚u-// Lezgi q‚a-< Lezg. *Íoq‚a 'suck, drink' < NEC *ÍuqwV or .-Tsez. isogloss (cf. also NEC lex. suff. '). Salishan and North-Caucasian (1) EYEBROW: CSSe ca-cum-an / Ts:UC cum-ay'is (*'hair' + 'eye') // (NEC *Nakh. EYEBROW: BC -u¹ 'eye' + Se, UC cum in 'eyebrow' (ex. 1) // (NEC *ÍwÊ ilÍi.
  30. As we have seen, NEC compound *ÍwÊ ilÍi-*2nd component indicates that it originates from NEC *-c'ÓwÊ eme. -In Sa, wil-/wiÖ-(CS:Se) means 'peep, peer', and.
  31. John Protzko,James Broadway (2017). Eyes open and shut in cognition: Closing your eyes does not change Intelligence.
  32. Izzat Jabbarov (2023). Challenges in teaching and learning creative writing for mixed- ability group learners of english.
  33. Shoulder Arm Sq niÓ x id. // NWk n.
  34. Hide (2013). IS:Th lex‚ 'patch' : CO lx‚ 'dress' : Sp -elx‚ : MS -lx‚ 'skin, clothes' // NEC lÊ eÍ/Íwnƒ i 'skin (of an animal).
  35. (null). Table 1: The species of Russulaceae from above-ground, root and soil in different months..
  36. Mouth NWk:Kw sem-s // NEC *.
  37. hear' / CS:Ls luh 'hear' // NC *lÊ eHle/i or *¹Ê eHe.
  38. Grease Fat (null). Performance Optimization for the Removal of Fat, Oil and Grease from Food Service Establishment Wastewater Using a Novel Grease Interceptor.
  39. Face Head (null). JSM Head and Face Medicine.
  40. Horn /È e); cf. CS:Se wenaÍñw // NWk:Kw weƒ λ'aÓ x 'horn, antler' // NEC *wÊ enƒ λ'V 'beak, horn; head.
  41. * Cw,Lw A pre-Sa methathesis may have "simplified" the prononciation: it was easier to use.
  42. Jessica Gehin,Susan Utesch (2011). Pain Is So Much More than the Body Part that Hurts.
  43. L Unknown Title.
  44. Curve Bend (null). Figure 6: Area under the ROC curve of CS in patients with XFG compared to NC..
  45. Pour Flow,Wash (null). Cable, CX 67774, CINCFE to DAF WASH DC, October 29, 1950, Top Secret..
  46. Stick Pole NWk c'waÓ x-, Kw c'ux‚-'insert (pole)', c'x‚-'stab.
  47. I Manzella,V Labiouse (2007). Qualitative Analysis of Rock Avalanches Propagation by Means of Physical Modelling of Non-Constrained Gravel Flows.
  48. (null). Figure 5. Activity patterns in the parahippocampal areas over time and apparent (and possibly misleading) over-time shift from the involvement of the hippocampus to the involvement of the parahippocampal region in memory retrieval..
  49. Bill Angelbeck (2024). The Longevity of Coast Salish Presence: An Archaeological History of the Salish Sea.
  50. joint' vs Ts:UC Ó x‚ut' 'bent up' // Tsez. *SCRATCH: IS:Th and MC qñs-// NC *qÈ alsV (> AvA. *qas:-, Darg. *qars.
  51. Hear Ear (null). Figure 2: AEP raw data plotting in 2s decision window: (A) hear auditory stimulus with the left ear (B) hear auditory stimulus with the right ear..
  52. Hide *leÍ 'skin' < NEC lÊ eÍ/Íwni 'skin of animal.
  53. Throat Swallow (null). Figure 1. Two texture pooling models fail to match arbitrary scene appearance..
  54. (null). Fig. 1. Appearance of fruiting bodies of mushrooms: a — red fly agaric (Amanita muscaria); b — panther fly agaric (Amanita pantherina). © Wikipedia, 2006. Distributed under license CC BY-SA 3.0..
  55. Eric Welch (2013). The Roots of Anger: An Economic Perspective on Zephaniah’s Oracle Against the Philistines.
  56. (2013). Figure 5. CS-US facilitation in IpN cells with and without CS pause..
  57. Goat Elk IS:Th tñÓ x‚aq'‚-(first stem in 'doe') // NEC *dVrq'wV 'he-goat.
  58. Donkey Horse Ts:UC tiqiw 'h.' / CS:Sq s-taqiw 'h.' // NEC *dhogwÈ a.
  59. Tree Cs:Ls yesawi 'alder' // NC *rÐ Ð a| , wood'. and 6, auslauting consonants may represent.
  60. Ó xiliÓ x) seems to show structural and phonetic symmetry, typical for Yokuts (Penutian).
  61. EAGLE: / Ts:UC *ƒ λ'iÓ xin (?) (:CS:Ls yñÓ x‚ñlaÍ) // NC *lHÈ iq'wÊ A (also with *¹H-, *-_ q-) > Lezg. ' / Darg. *Íi¼/-liq'an, loss of labialization.
  62. Earth Land The underlying cluster *-m_ ƒ Lwis probably simplified to -lin Sa; CVCVC-status is acquired by adding -(V)l]. Ex. 8.
  63. C, -otherwise it would lose the nasal (*-VmC-> -VC-). -Ex. 9 is usually interpreted as root-type CCVC; it is still prnounced as CVCVC. (CS:Ls ¹ñbc'-'mucus' (b < m) // NEC *ƒ λÊ amV¾ c'V (/x-) 'saliva, pus.
  64. N(e) (null). Figure 4. Generation and expression of the IFM-GAL driver; mfn overexpression, but not loss of drp1, induces PINK1/parkin-mutant like pathology..
  65. C‚vc Type (2016). t lo wnegn -t tieertmhicnecnrteuarsyei ( nFp ig re u c re ip i 2 ta .6 ti ) o , n , btuhtebpe ro ca buasbe il it oyfoafm ev o id deenl ce priosjn ec ottioynest conclusive. Some coupled climate ddirfofu er gehntt , f m or eatshueretdwo in paeb ri sood lu s. teArasiinm fa illlaraim nc oruen as ts e , iinst im opbae ct on drought in in sdoim ca e te patrh ts atofatnheaw nt ohrrlodpiosg li ekneilcyA ra u in sfta ra ll l ia f o in rtahegl iven state of evident in the twenty-first century. This can 1996b). ast twenty-five EyN ea S rs O ( N is ic hsoelelnseotvaelr . p ar aitstee rn fr somd ire cchtalnyge fo s rc iend th beyacthm an ogsepsheirn ic gcrierecnuh la otu io sne fou Inndf the N gases and other pollutants, possible changes in the affect th oertcro op hoerrtehntAm tl ualn ti tic, new evidence has been behaviour of ENSO (for which the evidence is Allen 1997). P ic o a te lnatn ia dlem xt arn at nruoaplicvaalrioac ti e ons in SS echanisms for asnuc ( hSu va tt roTn that iati aonndsd co ir netcrtadiincftloureyncaetporfesweanrtm ), in ogrm on er etlhye be su ca rf uasceeowfattheerN are orb th ei nAgtf la onutn ic d ( s G ea r ot szunre fa rceeta te l. m1p9e9r8a ) tu . rVe ar biin at vioolnvsinignr in al is ceraenac , gse. In th iv ein in graanine latter situation, given no or little Arctic regions have also long been su ifnaclrl, eassuemdm te enrdseoniclymtooisdtruoruegdhetf . icFir ts o m ca nam in o tr d ig euh in as gbeeveindefnocuendofthaatchoausplse ig dnioscpeeacnt -ed. Recently, ‘meteorological drought’ perspective, comb ficant aptom te onstp ia hletroeseyxspteecm te a d ti cianlc ly re raesd es u c in e p th oepu ra la in ti f o al n l , dseufc ic hiecnhcayng in eesdcw ou it lhda sc ff a e le cst ( t D he e lw cl o im rth at eeto al f . E 19 urope on multidecadal time at which society becomes stressed by the atshsroecsihao te ld dvCahra ia ntg io et al. (1997) have 9 id 7 e ) n . tIin fi e th dedtercoapdiaclaltiAmte la sncta ic le , p ag o r li itciuclatlutreanl si aonnds ( hRyodd ro dlaog1i9c9a5l ). droughts, leading to n so o m rt ehancnsodn in tr soautdhipto ro le pio ca flSA ST tl aann ti ocm , aallitehsoubg et hwteheenrethies pro Fgirna ally, the pr oversy about this dipole (Enfield and framew mom rk enh ec aessa sa m ev o io nugsliy ts m ob ejn ec ti t o iv neesdanWiM nte O r na CtL io InPaSldMeacyaedral1v9a9 ri 7 a ) ti . onSsuicnh ra vianrfiaaltlio in nsboctohulndor be linked to information and pr rey to th Africa and to the d dic t e io nnh . anTcheesaendacptr iv oim tie ostewcillilm li antke nor O th neaasgtlBorbaazlils , caallteh , o th uegrhetihseallsaottaemraprleeneovt id setn ro cnegt . hat V se O rv SeTsewvreoruaglhAtfm ric oanni to co ri unngtrc ie esn . tr T es hea lr IeRaIdyan se dtP up R O to ­ sdyesctaedmalcaanndsloom ng eetr im -sc easle co v n ar fioaubn ility in the climate more tho i u ll gahltsoiswboerikngtogw iv aerndtto hese objectives. Much climate s d the interannual climate data information and isnetaesgornaatli ng p re h d is itcotriiocnaslW tro apridca ( l1w9 ig 9n7a ) l . id Feonrtiifnystaanscte ro , nFgo lland et al. (1991) and within the context of how drought forecasts could be may be lin eksetdAtforivcaarniarta io in nfsaliln . T th h m ey u lt sipdeeccualdaatl signal in used, especially in developing countries (Frederick H. circu e global ther e m th oahtaltihniesM of . th Seesmeaizszsiu , epsearrseonda is lccuosm se mdu in nidceatta io il n f , o1r9n9o7r ) t . hSA ev f e ri rcaallsaotm io enlah ti aosn of the oceans. The thermohaline circu­ in Hulme et al. (1992a and 1992b). Here clima­ the Soouftthhtee he rnNpoortHtehnetrinalH to e m change the temperature of tologists, hydrologists, economists, and sociologists ti emisphere is opch ea e n re soocne an msurle ti la dteicvaedtaolscoacm ie e t al toig ss eutehserthtaotm id aeyntairfiysesoonmceero ea f so th nea bl cyom sk p il lfeuxlienvmeer scales (Sc cre , as leasr ge in -s ca hlesinge tr loe po asnpthhrraonpdogReanm ic anekfufte ty 1994). H eric aerosols, m cts o st rleyl at iend ow to ­ drought forecasts become possible. Northern the the A se dviasrciu at.
  66. : Sa,Mc Ƒ Λ Ts:UC q‚a/uÓ x‚-'wh.', q'‚iÓ x-'b.' // NEC *=Ê ' > AvA :oÍi-'wh., b.' >Av. q:| a˛a-b 'wh.', Chad. q| a˛a-b 'wh.
  67. Nc; Altern (2023). 238 Projected Annual Reductions in Central Venous Catheter (CVC)-Related S. aureus Bloodstream Infections (SA-BSIs) and Healthcare Costs (HCs) Associated With SA Nasal Decolonization (SA-ND) in SA Nares Colonized Hemodialysis Patients (SA-NC HD Pts).
  68. V > Lezg Ts:UC waÓ x-'open (eyes)' // NEC *:-'to open.
  69. (2004). Review finds that ablative therapies do not improve clinical or angiographic outcomes compared to balloon dilation*1Abstracted from: Bittl JA, Chew DP, Topol EJ, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized trials of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty vs atherectomy, cutting balloon atherotomy, or laser angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43(6): 936–42.
  70. Eye <psa Ava,Look (null). Figure 7. Eyeblink conditioning, linked to Z– modules is delayed in pcp2Cre;TRPC3fl/fl mice..
  71. (2004). NEC to use Transmeta technology.
  72. (null). Figure 2. The presence of self-sperm is necessary for the resistance of young hermaphrodites to a brief encounter with males..
  73. Antonello Lobianco (2019). Interfacing Julia with Other Languages.
  74. Uc Ó Xax‚ 'quick' Cham i¼:u 'quickly' < AvA *¼:i¼:V-< EC *'quick' evolution of the underlying . Even in conservative Sa languages, the reflexes differ, being realized as r.
  75. Dirt Ts:UC q'aÓ x-'mud, smear, paint' // NC *q' Ê Ð arÈ e.
  76. Bank (2014). steep bank.
  77. (1400). The See-Saw Tree.
  78. Break (null). Supplemental Information 11: The difference <i>P</i> value of each KEGG pathway in the ST vs SC comparison..
  79. Very,Sick,Die (1995). Both types of RhnuN cells (amorph and regulator types) lacked the Rh proteins and other proteins, and showed some functional abnormalities. No Rh glycoprotein is immune precipitated by anti-D but it is present in membranes from some RhnuNs as shown by immunoblotting studies with the monoclonal antibody MB-2D10 [30]. The LW protein is missing and some other antibodies only react weakly: anti-U, Duclos, anti-FY5, BRIC 125 (anti-CD47) and the monoclonal antibody 1D8. That so many determinants encoded by genetically independent loci are not fully expressed in RhnuN cells has led to the idea of a protein complex or cluster which involves the Rh proteins, Rh glycoproteins and other proteins [31,32,33]. Since D and CE proteins are integral proteins with about 12 transmembrane domains, it is hypothesised that they and the other proteins interact, perhaps affecting insertion into the membrane. Some of the variation observed in Rh antigens may not depend on mutations in the Rh genes but may reflect alterations in other proteins of the Rh protein complex. D , the most important antigen, has been exhaustively studied. Quantitative and qualitative variation of D is well documented [see 34]. Several other Rh antigens show quantitative and qualitative variation. We have observed variation in C, E, c, e, G, V, VS, Rh17 and Rh29 antigens. Possibly it is a common finding for Rh antigens. Variation of C antigen Table III shows some of the Blood Group Unit’s results of testing samples with rare Rh phenotype against polyclonal anti-C. ComC represents commercial anti-C reagents, all others are single donor antibodies. The first three reagents do not contain any anti-D, the next three contain incomplete anti-D so are not suitable for tests with enzyme treated cells. The different patterns of reaction would make one suspect that these cells carried different variants of C; most variants are also distinguished by their reactions with antibodies to low incidence Rh antigens (Table III). Low incidence antigen JAL (RH48) JAL+ cells have a very weak C antigen, it is most easily detected with commercial reagents (Table III). The antibody in Mrs S Allen’s serum was studied for many years in several laboratories interested in low incidence antigens. There were some hints that it might be an Rh antigen, although Mrs Allen’s husband had been an unremarkable cDe. Eventually several samples expressing the JAL antigen were identified. However, family studies had not proved that JAL was an Rh antigen, although 3 of the propositi had a depressed c antigen and 4 had a depressed C antigen, 2 of whom also had a depressed e antigen [35]. A second immune example of anti-JAL, which caused haemolytic disease of Mrs Pas’ third.
  80. (2014). Literatur zum Thema: Marketing- und Vertriebsintelligenz.
  81. Horn ) / (II): IS:MC qñÓ x-, qÓ x-(+ stressed "instrum." suff. -min; loss of [w] in an unstressed root in a compound C(V)C-CV√ C) : Sp and MS qÓ x-(with suff.) // NC *qwÈ irhV (Sa stem I *q‚a/ir' seems to match NC) // N *.
  82. (null). Cable, TS-2377, HQ USAF to CINCAFE et al., July 21, 1950, Top Secret..
  83. Boy IS: CO t-twi-t : MC tw'i-t : MS t-t'wi-t : Th tñwi-t (dimin. tÍu-t 'little boy' may come from a Sa root for 'little') / CS:Ls tawix‚-'child/offspring' (root in pl. form 'children') // NEC *dwir¼E 'boy, son'. -As for IS:MC t'a¿' 'w -'little', Th tÍu-(etc.), cf. NC *t'iHV 'small, little' (possibly = NC *AvA -).
  84. Namrata Vaswani (2010). LS-CS-Residual (LS-CS): Compressive Sensing on Least Squares Residual.
  85. (2007). Th e Imagination of Pop-Rock Criticism.
  86. Tell,Story IS:CO m'ayÍ-, m'ay'aÍ-: malÓ xaÍ 'lie' (a different root?) / MC , confess' // , ending up in the North-West America?). Sa languages may, or may not, be [as by NCED]; on occasions, they show close parallels either to AvA, or to Lezg., or to NWC languages: for instance, Sa:Sq ¹ñm(Í) 'dew' (cf. ¹ñmÍ-x‚ 'rain') matches easily AvA *λ:imV-'liquid' (as in And. λ:emi) and Lezg. *λ:Ð a/mÐ a-(but not Lak. and Darg.), as well as the more complex proto-form NEC *_ ƒ λHwemV 'liquid' (adj.); this cannot be a coincidence, there are too many such precise correspondences. (cf. also numerous Wk-NC exact matches, such as He q'‚en-G‚a-'throat' vs AvA *qv :‚an-qv :‚a < NEC *Gwan-_ Gwa 'throat'; or NWk = Kw cnÓ.

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Vitalij Shevoroshkin. 2013. \u201cSalishan and North-Caucasian\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - G: Linguistics & Education GJHSS-G Volume 13 (GJHSS Volume 13 Issue G10): .

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GJHSS Volume 13 Issue G10
Pg. 63- 83
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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

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August 5, 2013

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Salishan and North-Caucasian

Vitalij Shevoroshkin
Vitalij Shevoroshkin University of Michigan

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