Spatial Distribution of the Heavy Metals: Ni, Fe, Cr, and Mn in Roadside Soils of Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State Nigeria

Spatial Distribution of the Heavy Metals: Ni, Fe, Cr, and Mn in Roadside Soils of Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State Nigeria

Garba, S. T

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Garba

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S.T

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Akan

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J. C.

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Ahmed

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University of Maiduguri

Spatial Distribution of the Heavy Metals: Ni, Fe, Cr, and Mn in Roadside Soils of Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State Nigeria

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Abstract

In this research work the level and distribution pattern of the metals: Ni, Cr, Mn, and Fe were determined in soil samples collected within Maiduguri Metropolis. Samples were collected from places of high anthropogenic activity such as automobile maintenance workshop (AMW), Car park or Bus stops (CP), and the highways (HW) to places of low activity the Residential areas (RA) at the depth of 5 to 15cm. To avoid washing away of the metals by rainfall, all collections were done during the dry season in the month of September/October 2012 to April/May of the following year 2013. These periods are period of incessant wind and sandstorm marked with low or no rainfall in this part of the country (far north-eastern part of Nigeria). Soil samples were analyzed using ICP-OES following digestion with aqua-regia and the results shows that; the levels; 14.48, 8264.17, 24.26, and 84.75μgg-1 were observed in the samples from AMW for the metals: Ni, Fe, Cr, and Mn respectively. The RA has the levels; 4.96, 804.50, 4.56, and 13.93 μgg-1 for the metals; Ni, Fe, Cr, and Mn respectively. The HW and CP had level of the metals; greater than the RA but less than the AMW. The high concentration of the metal (Fe) in the soil suggests that this metal could be mainly of natural origin with adequate contribution from anthropogenic influences. The concentrations of the metals was found to decrease with increasing distance from the places of high anthropogenic activity AMW, HW, CP to the places of less anthropogenic activities the RA. The distribution pattern of metals; Ni, Cr, Fe, and Mn in Maiduguri Metropolis could be arranged in the order; AMW > CP > HW > RA. This trend further confirms that automobiles are the main contributor of the heavy metals in the urban environment.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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How to Cite This Article

Garba, S. T. 2014. \u201cSpatial Distribution of the Heavy Metals: Ni, Fe, Cr, and Mn in Roadside Soils of Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State Nigeria\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - H: Environment & Environmental geology GJSFR-H Volume 14 (GJSFR Volume 14 Issue H1).

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GJSFR Volume 14 Issue H1

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

Keywords

automobiles car parks environment Pollution power generating plant residential area traffic

Submission ReceivedFebruary 22, 2014
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted March 22, 2014
Published April 5, 2014

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April 28, 2014

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Total Score: 106

Country: Nigeria

Subject: Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - H: Environment & Environmental geology

Authors: Garba, S.T, Akan, J. C., Ahmed, I (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

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