Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
February 17, 2026
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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Na 2 O-PbO-Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glasses doped with different concentrations of TiO 2 (ranging from 0 to 0.9 mol %) in steps of 0.3 mol % is synthesized by melt quenching method. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the powder XRD pattern of all the prepared samples con firms the amorphous nature of the glass. Thermal an alysis has been carried out for the prepared glasses, their glass transition temperature (T g ) and crystallization temperature (T c ) are evaluated using their Differential thermal analysis (DTA) profiles. Optical absorption and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques have been studied. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of these glasses exhibit two resolved bands at about 691 nm and 832 nm due to 2 B 2g → 2 A 1g and 2 B 2g → 2 B 1g transitions of Ti 3+ ions. From the absorption spectra, the optical band gap and Urbach energies are evaluated. The FT-IR spectra has been carried out the existence of conventional and structural units of these prepared glasses. Various physical parameters and optical basicity are also evaluated with different concentrations of TiO 2 ions.
Dr. Karumuri Vijaya Babu. 2020. \u201cSpectroscopic Studies on Ti3+-Doped Na2O-PbO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 Glasses\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - A: Physics & Space Science GJSFR-A Volume 20 (GJSFR Volume 20 Issue A9): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR
Print ISSN 0975-5896
e-ISSN 2249-4626
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Na 2 O-PbO-Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glasses doped with different concentrations of TiO 2 (ranging from 0 to 0.9 mol %) in steps of 0.3 mol % is synthesized by melt quenching method. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the powder XRD pattern of all the prepared samples con firms the amorphous nature of the glass. Thermal an alysis has been carried out for the prepared glasses, their glass transition temperature (T g ) and crystallization temperature (T c ) are evaluated using their Differential thermal analysis (DTA) profiles. Optical absorption and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques have been studied. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of these glasses exhibit two resolved bands at about 691 nm and 832 nm due to 2 B 2g → 2 A 1g and 2 B 2g → 2 B 1g transitions of Ti 3+ ions. From the absorption spectra, the optical band gap and Urbach energies are evaluated. The FT-IR spectra has been carried out the existence of conventional and structural units of these prepared glasses. Various physical parameters and optical basicity are also evaluated with different concentrations of TiO 2 ions.
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