Study of additional heating Systems by Electron cyclotron and Alfven waves in Tokamak Machine

Abstract

Electron cyclotron (EC) absorption in tokamak plasma is based on interaction between wave and electron cyclotron movement when the electron passes through a layer of resonance at a fixed frequency and dependent magnetic field. This technique is the principle of additional heating (ECRH) and the generation of non-inductive current drive (ECCD) in modern fusion devices. In this paper we are interested by the problem of EC absorption which used a microscopic description of kinetic theory treatment versus the propagation which used the cold plasma description. The power absorbed depends on the optical depth which in turn depends on coefficient of absorption and the order of the excited harmonic for O-mode or X-mode. There is another possibility of heating by dissipation of Alfven waves, based on resonance of cold plasma waves, the shear Alfven wave (SW) and the compressional Alfven wave (FW). Once the (FW) power is coupled to (SW), it stays on the magnetic surface and dissipates there, which is cause the heating of bulk plasmas. This present calculation allows us to compare the two heating systems.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

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