Stupidity During the Reformation

James F. Welles

Stupidity During the Reformation

James F. Welles *

Contact

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

PL9WF

Key Research Insights

Synthesized scholarly intelligence & interactive research assistant

This converted HTML version may contain rendering inconsistencies. Please refer to the PDF for the authoritative version, or click here to provide feedback.

Abstract

At the same time that people were turning away from theological truths and looking outward at the world, those truths were undergoing dramatic revision as both the Christian religion in particular and Western Civilization in general were thoroughly reformed. In the early sixteenth century, with religious man seeking biblical answers to theological problems, Christianity underwent a number of soul searching revisions which were essentially conservative in nature efforts to go back to times before the Church became corrupted. Meanwhile, with Renaissance Man seeking human answers to temporal questions and functional solutions to real problems, the secular religions of capitalism and nationalism were taking shape. Thus, as Christian theology was being redefined, the Bible reinterpreted and the Church both split and reformed, rising capitalism was undermining the medieval guild system while growing nationalism was enfeebling the Holy Roman Empire and weakening the papacy.

References

73 Cites in Article

Reference Format

1. R Bainton (1952). The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century. The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century, 3.
2. H Wells (1920). The Outline of History. The Outline of History, 745.
3. Bainton Unknown Title.
4. M Gilmore (1952). The World of Humanism. The World of Humanism, 161.
5. Bainton Unknown Title.
6. E Greenfield,C Mee,Prince (1947). Unknown Title.
7. B Tuchman (1984). The March of Folly. The March of Folly, 67.
8. K Davis (2009). America's Hidden History. America's Hidden History, 15.
9. Gilmore (null). Zivint. Op. cit. 447, n. 162. Zivint. Op. cit. 447, n. 162., 162.
10. Russell (1945). A History of Western Philosophy. A History of Western Philosophy, 499.
11. Bainton Unknown Title.
12. M Kerrigan (2011). American Presidents. American Presidents, 10-19.
13. Gilmore (null). Zivint. Op. cit. 447, n. 162. Zivint. Op. cit. 447, n. 162., 162.
14. Tuchman (null). Namara. Fragm. Op. cit. 569, n. 94. Namara. Fragm. Op. cit. 569, n. 94., 94.
15. Russell (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19. Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19., 499.
16. Tuchman (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 113.
17. J Colet (1971). Review Notices : Renaissance Europe 1480-1520. By J. R. Hale. (Fontana History of Europe). London: Collins. 1971. 350 pp. Paper, £0.50. Journal of European Studies, 1(1), 404-404.
18. D Shaff (1910). History of the Christian Church. History of the Christian Church, 6, 766.
19. Gilmore (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19. Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19., 163-164.
20. Tuchman (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 115.
21. A Dickens (1966). Reformation and Society in Sixteenth Century Europe. Reformation and Society in Sixteenth Century Europe, 23.
22. Tuchman (null). Syracuse. Op. cit. 119, n. 29. Syracuse. Op. cit. 119, n. 29., 119.
23. P Hughes (1947). A History of the Church. A History of the Church, III, 491.
24. Tuchman Unknown Title.
25. Gilmore (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 37.
26. Tuchman (null). Athens. Marmor Pent. Op. cit. 60, n. 82. Athens. Marmor Pent. Op. cit. 60, n. 82., 82-83.
27. Gilmore (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 177-178.
28. Tuchman (null). Konya. Fragm. marm. Op. cit. 44. Konya. Fragm. marm. Op. cit. 44, 44.
29. Gilmore (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 222.
30. Russell (null). Sivrihissar. Op. cit. 351, n. 62. Predestination is grounded in Ephesians, 4(2), 62.
31. A (null). Barla. Tabula lapidis albi. Op. cit. 48, n. 37. Bainton, 37.
32. M Bacon (1962). Bacon, Richard Michael, (born 3 Dec. 1962), MP (C) South Norfolk, since 2001. American Heritage, XIV(1), 29.
33. M Luther,Talk (1530). Unknown Title. Ca
34. D Carnegie (1956). Remarks. Mark Twain Speaking, 346-348.
35. Bainton (null). Sighadjik. Op. cit. 350, n. 55. Sighadjik. Op. cit. 350, n. 55., 55.
36. Bainton (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 24.
37. H J Muller (1952). The Uses of the Past. The Uses of the Past, 286.
38. M Luther,Cit (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19. Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19.
39. Jacques Barzun (2000). From dawn to decadence (prologue). Shagi / Steps, 3(3), 177-186.
40. A Faith trumps works. Faith trumps works
41. Richard White (2017). The Republic for Which It Stands. The Republic for Which It Stands, 315.
42. C Brinton (1953). The Shaping of the Modern Mind. The Shaping of the Modern Mind, 62-63.
43. Wells Unknown Title.
44. Barzen (null). Syracuse. Op. cit. 117, n. 15. Syracuse. Op. cit. 117, n. 15., 15.
45. D Miller (2003). Anabaptists in the Peasants' War. The German Peasants' War and Anabaptist Community of Goods, 165-167.
46. Muller (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19. Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19., 287.
47. Brinton (null). Ordek Bogáz. Op. cit. 65, n. 63. Ordek Bogáz. Op. cit. 65, n. 63., 63.
48. Bainton (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 245.
49. R Bushman From Puritan to Yankee. From Puritan to Yankee, 23.
50. Max Weber (1904). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
51. Anonymous (null). Sagalassos. Honorary inscription for an anonymous procurator, ca. 100-150 A.D. I Letters to Timothy, VI, 100.
52. St Augustine (2010). APPENDIX:. The City of God, Books I–VII (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 8), 397-401.
53. (2002). has done, you would be right to hate him. [23] For if he has brought up his sons in such a way that they feel neither fear nor shame to commit offences in his presence, offences at that which in some cases carry the death penalty, what punishment in your view could not reasonably be inflicted on him? For myself, I think that this is evidence that he did not respect his own father either; for if Konon personally had honoured and feared his own father, he would have demanded that his sons too honour and fear him. [24] Please take these laws too, the law dealing with outrage and the one about clothes-stealers. For you will see that they are liable under both. Read it. Laws Konon’s actions render him liable under both laws; he committed both outrage and clothes-stealing. And if we have chosen not to sue under these laws, though we would rightly be recognized as peaceful and reasonable, he is a criminal all the same. [25] Indeed, if anything had happened to me, he would have faced a charge of murder and the most terrible punishment. At any rate, in the case of the father of the priestess at Brauron, though it was agreed that he did not touch the dead man, the Council of the Areopagos exiled him because he urged on the man who struck the blow. And rightly so; for if bystanders instead of checking people attempting a wrongful act through wine or anger or any other cause actually incite them, there is no hope of escape for anyone who falls into the hands of men of violence, and it will be his lot to suffer outrageous treatment until they give up. And this is what happened to me. [26] Now I want to tell you what they did when the arbitration took place. This too will show you their recklessness. They prolonged the time beyond midnight by refusing either to read out the depositions or to hand over copies and just taking our supporters one by one to the stone and making them take an oath, and drafting utterly irrelevant depositions, to the effect that this was his son by a mistress and that he had been treated in this way or that, behaviour which roused the disapproval and disgust of every person present, including finally their own. [27] Anyway, when they tired and had had enough of this conduct, they issued a challenge aimed at causing delay and preventing the sealing of the. Trials from Classical Athens, 98-98.
54. Bainton (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 117.
55. Muller (null). Tsepigovo. In vico Tsepigovo. Ara marmorea. Op. cit. 291, n. 1, fig. 15. Tsepigovo. In vico Tsepigovo. Ara marmorea. Op. cit. 291, n. 1, fig. 15., 291.
56. W Durant (1957). Irwin, Kathleen. Fury. New York (Rockefeller Center): Simon and Schuster, 1957. Unpaged. $.25. Science Education, 41(4), 354-354.
57. Muller (null). Tsepigovo. In vico Tsepigovo. Ara marmorea. Op. cit. 291, n. 1, fig. 15. Tsepigovo. In vico Tsepigovo. Ara marmorea. Op. cit. 291, n. 1, fig. 15., 291.
58. Bainton (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19. Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19., 253-254.
59. See Also,T Russel (2010). A Renegade history of the United States. A Renegade history of the United States, 88.
60. Durant (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19. Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19., 467.
61. Barzen (null). Sivrihissar. Op. cit. 343, n. 34. Sivrihissar. Op. cit. 343, n. 34., 34.
62. R Ergang (1954). Syracuse. Op. cit. 119, n. 29. Syracuse. Op. cit. 119, n. 29., 201.
63. Bainton (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19. Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19., 120.
64. C Beard (1883). The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century in Relation to Modern Thought and Knowledge. Based on the Hibbert Lectures, 492.
65. Bainton (null). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146. Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146., 120-121.
66. Durant Unknown Title.
67. Tuchman (null). Syracuse. Op. cit. 118, n. 23. Syracuse. Op. cit. 118, n. 23., 118-119.
68. Ergang (null). Pednelissos (Chozan). Fragm. basis. Op. cit. 154, n. 92. Pednelissos (Chozan). Fragm. basis. Op. cit. 154, n. 92., 154.
69. Tuchman (null). Paliambelo. Stela fracta, op. cit. p. 123. Paliambelo. Stela fracta, op. cit. p. 123., 123.
70. R Pole,Macculloch (1953). Appeal to the Council of Trent" in his Eiren ikon in The Renaissance Reader. J. Book of Martyrs, 1563, 133.
71. T Vernon,Discourses (1968). Empire of Liberty. Empire of Liberty, 136.
72. W Bull (1770). Salâ. Ibid. Stela. Op. cit. 236, n. 146.
73. T Vernon (1987). The Age of Unreason. The Age of Unreason, 3.

Download References

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

James F. Welles. 2019. "Stupidity During the Reformation". Global Journal of Human-Social Science GJHSS-H Volume 19 (GJHSS Volume 19 Issue H4).

More Citation Formats

Select Citation Style:

Download Citation

GJHSS Volume 19 Issue H4

Explore Journals Explore Volume Read This Issue

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

Keywords

Not Found

Classification

GJHSS-H Classification FOR Code: 130205p

Submission ReceivedDecember 13, 2018
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted January 2, 2019
Published June 13, 2019

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

June 13, 2019

Language

English

Order Article Reprint

Experience in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

View in VR

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

View in 3D

Article Matrices

Total Score: 131

Country: United States

Subject: Global Journal of Human-Social Science

Authors: James F. Welles (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

View Count (all-time): 361

Total Views (Real + Logic): 961

Total Downloads (simulated): 67

Publish Date: 2019 01, Tue

Monthly Totals (Real + Logic):

Month 1: 54 views
Month 2: 30 views
Month 3: 46 views
Month 4: 35 views
Month 5: 30 views
Month 6: 42 views
Month 7: 48 views
Month 8: 24 views
Month 9: 40 views
Month 10: 37 views
Month 11: 27 views
Month 12: 37 views
Month 13: 23 views
Month 14: 29 views
Month 15: 46 views
Month 16: 50 views
Month 17: 24 views
Month 18: 37 views
Month 19: 30 views
Month 20: 34 views
Month 21: 36 views
Month 22: 24 views
Month 23: 32 views
Month 24: 35 views
Month 25: 30 views
Month 26: 18 views
Month 27: 14 views
Month 28: 40 views
Month 29: 40 views
Month 30: 38 views
Month 31: 34 views
Month 32: 28 views
Month 33: 26 views
Month 34: 24 views
Month 35: 40 views
Month 36: 43 views
Month 37: 19 views
Month 38: 34 views
Month 39: 36 views
Month 40: 16 views
Month 41: 28 views
Month 42: 31 views
Month 43: 24 views
Month 44: 19 views
Month 45: 20 views
Month 46: 22 views
Month 47: 36 views
Month 48: 41 views
Month 49: 26 views
Month 50: 36 views
Month 51: 31 views
Month 52: 17 views
Month 53: 31 views
Month 54: 31 views
Month 55: 42 views
Month 56: 37 views
Month 57: 38 views
Month 58: 20 views
Month 59: 34 views
Month 60: 14 views
Month 61: 27 views
Month 62: 26 views
Month 63: 29 views
Month 64: 23 views
Month 65: 35 views
Month 66: 26 views
Month 67: 23 views
Month 68: 18 views
Month 69: 25 views
Month 70: 19 views
Month 71: 33 views
Month 72: 39 views
Month 73: 26 views
Month 74: 40 views
Month 75: 21 views
Month 76: 19 views
Month 77: 48 views
Month 78: 49 views
Month 79: 75 views
Month 80: 86 views
Month 81: 37 views
Month 82: 38 views
Month 83: 45 views
Month 84: 42 views
Month 85: 27 views
Month 86: 43 views
Month 87: 38 views
Month 88: 38 views
Month 89: 37 views
Month 90: 35 views
Month 91: 44 views
Month 92: 53 views
Month 93: 56 views
Month 94: 42 views

Total Views: 961

Total Downloads: 67

All Trends