Survival Analysis for Pancreatic Cancer Patients using Cox-Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model

α
Aditya Chakraborty
Aditya Chakraborty
σ
Chris P. Tsokos
Chris P. Tsokos

Send Message

To: Author

Survival Analysis for Pancreatic Cancer Patients using Cox-Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

B5IM6

Survival Analysis for Pancreatic Cancer Patients using Cox-Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model Banner

AI TAKEAWAY

Connecting with the Eternal Ground
  • English
  • Afrikaans
  • Albanian
  • Amharic
  • Arabic
  • Armenian
  • Azerbaijani
  • Basque
  • Belarusian
  • Bengali
  • Bosnian
  • Bulgarian
  • Catalan
  • Cebuano
  • Chichewa
  • Chinese (Simplified)
  • Chinese (Traditional)
  • Corsican
  • Croatian
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • Esperanto
  • Estonian
  • Filipino
  • Finnish
  • French
  • Frisian
  • Galician
  • Georgian
  • German
  • Greek
  • Gujarati
  • Haitian Creole
  • Hausa
  • Hawaiian
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi
  • Hmong
  • Hungarian
  • Icelandic
  • Igbo
  • Indonesian
  • Irish
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Javanese
  • Kannada
  • Kazakh
  • Khmer
  • Korean
  • Kurdish (Kurmanji)
  • Kyrgyz
  • Lao
  • Latin
  • Latvian
  • Lithuanian
  • Luxembourgish
  • Macedonian
  • Malagasy
  • Malay
  • Malayalam
  • Maltese
  • Maori
  • Marathi
  • Mongolian
  • Myanmar (Burmese)
  • Nepali
  • Norwegian
  • Pashto
  • Persian
  • Polish
  • Portuguese
  • Punjabi
  • Romanian
  • Russian
  • Samoan
  • Scots Gaelic
  • Serbian
  • Sesotho
  • Shona
  • Sindhi
  • Sinhala
  • Slovak
  • Slovenian
  • Somali
  • Spanish
  • Sundanese
  • Swahili
  • Swedish
  • Tajik
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Urdu
  • Uzbek
  • Vietnamese
  • Welsh
  • Xhosa
  • Yiddish
  • Yoruba
  • Zulu

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is comparatively rare but extremely lethal. In the United States, pancreatic cancer is the 4 th leading cause of cancer death, and in Europe, it is the 6 th . Though Pancreatic cancer remains incurable if detected late, research into improving the therapeutic strategy has increased significantly in recent years. However, it is ambiguous if sustained improvements have been achieved by identifying the most prominent risk factors responsible for cancer. In this article, we studied the survival times of 677 pancreatic cancer patients with fifteen risk factors. The semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model was used to examine the covariate effect taking into account all of the statistically significant risk factors and their significant twoway interactions. A careful and rigorous assessment of the risk factors based on the AIC of the stepwise selection technique revealed seven risk factors, and ten interaction terms are statistically significantly contributing to the survival times. The final Cox-PH model was wellvalidated and satisfied all the key assumptions. The identified risk factors and their interactions are ranked according to the prognostic effect on the survival time based on the hazard ratio. We found the most contributing risk factor is the combined effect of patients with emphysema and cancer stage regional with a hazard ratio (HR) = 8.84.

References

37 Cites in Article
  1. (null). Ric. 4. Patient K., diagnosis: congenital bilateral clubfoot, severe degree. a — before treatment (age 10 days); b — after conservative treatment (age 9 months)..
  2. Stage (Categorical) (X 2 ): Pancreatic Cancer Stages, categorized as a) localized, b) regional, and c) distant.
  3. (null). Risk of hemorrhagic stroke from aspirin use: Does risk outweigh the benefit?.
  4. Ibuprofen (Categorical) (X 4 ): Does the person use Ibuprofen Regularly?.
  5. (2020). Number of First Degree Relatives (Affected).
  6. ): Did the patient ever have diabetes?.
  7. (2005). Existing coronary heart disease is undiagnosed in half of women who have a first heart attack.
  8. (2003). Financial Aspects of Emphysema and Emphysema Surgery.
  9. (null). Table 1: Percentages of the analysed categorical variables divided according to patient sex..
  10. Bmi numeric) (X 10 ): Current Body Mass Index (BMI) at Baseline.
  11. The total number of years the patient smoked.
  12. Eshwar Karupakula (2023). Sigmoid diverticulitis with rectal diverticulosis.
  13. Gareth Iacobucci (2024). Vaping: One million adults in England who never regularly smoked now use e-cigarettes.
  14. Donghui Li,Keping Xie,Robert Wolff,James Abbruzzese (2004). Pancreatic cancer.
  15. Audrey Vincent,Joseph Herman,Rich Schulick,Ralph Hruban,Michael Goggins (2011). Pancreatic cancer.
  16. J Kleeff,M Korc,M Apte (2016). Pancreatic cancer.
  17. J Ferlay (2012). cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC CancerBase.
  18. David Cox (1972). Regression Models and Life-Tables.
  19. Muditha Perera,Chris Tsokos (2018). A Statistical Model with Non-Linear Effects and Non-Proportional Hazards for Breast Cancer Survival Analysis.
  20. Junichi Asano,Akihiro Hirakawa,Chikuma Hamada (2014). Assessing the prediction accuracy of cure in the Cox proportional hazards cure model: an application to breast cancer data.
  21. X Yong,C Tsokos (2009). PROBABILISTIC COMPARISON OF SURVIVAL ANALYSIS MODELS USING SIMULATION AND CANCER DATA.
  22. Xudong Du,Mier Li,Ping Zhu,Ju Wang,Lisha Hou,Jijie Li,Hongdao Meng,Muke Zhou,Cairong Zhu (2018). Comparison of the flexible parametric survival model and Cox model in estimating Markov transition probabilities using real-world data.
  23. David Kleinbaum,Mitchel Klein (2012). The Cox Proportional Hazards Model and Its Characteristics.
  24. J Kalbeisch,R Prentice (1980). The statistical analysis of failure time data. By J.D. Kalbfleisch and R.L. Prentice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1980. xi + 321 pp. U.S. $31.50, C $40.35. ISBN 0‐471‐05519‐0.
  25. Brody Tom (2011). Clinical Trials: Study Design, Endpoints and Biomarkers, Drug Safety, and FDA and ICH Guidelines.
  26. H Akaike (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification.
  27. A Sashegyi,D Ferry (2017). On the Interpretation of the Hazard Ratio and Communication of Survival Benefit.
  28. Case Douglas,Gretchen Kimmick,Electra Paskett,Kurt Lohman,Robert Tucker (2002). Interpreting Measures of Treatment Effect in Cancer Clinical Trials.
  29. Wing Wong (1986). Theory of Partial Likelihood.
  30. Luis Fernandez (1986). Non-parametric maximum likelihood estimation of censored regression models.
  31. Patricia Grambsch,Terry Therneau (1994). Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals.
  32. A Winnett (2001). Miscellanea. A note on scaled Schoenfeld residuals for the proportional hazards model.
  33. L Mamudu,C Tsokos,O Oluwaseun (2020). Survival Analysis of Multiple Myeloma Cancer (MMC) Using the Cox-Proportional Hazard Model.
  34. T Therneau,P Grambsch,T Fleming (1990). Martingale-based residuals for survival models.
  35. Dominique Michaud (2004). Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer.
  36. Aditya Chakraborty,Chris Tsokos (2021). Parametric and Non-Parametric Survival Analysis of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
  37. Aditya Chakraborty,Dr. P. Tsokos (2021). A Real Data-Driven Analytical Model to Predict Happiness.

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Aditya Chakraborty. 2021. \u201cSurvival Analysis for Pancreatic Cancer Patients using Cox-Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model\u201d. Global Journal of Medical Research - F: Diseases GJMR-F Volume 21 (GJMR Volume 21 Issue F3): .

Download Citation

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmra

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

Keywords
Classification
GJMR-F Classification: NLMC Code: WI 800
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

May 22, 2021

Language
en
Experiance in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

Article Matrices
Total Views: 2070
Total Downloads: 931
2026 Trends
Related Research

Published Article

Pancreatic cancer is comparatively rare but extremely lethal. In the United States, pancreatic cancer is the 4 th leading cause of cancer death, and in Europe, it is the 6 th . Though Pancreatic cancer remains incurable if detected late, research into improving the therapeutic strategy has increased significantly in recent years. However, it is ambiguous if sustained improvements have been achieved by identifying the most prominent risk factors responsible for cancer. In this article, we studied the survival times of 677 pancreatic cancer patients with fifteen risk factors. The semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model was used to examine the covariate effect taking into account all of the statistically significant risk factors and their significant twoway interactions. A careful and rigorous assessment of the risk factors based on the AIC of the stepwise selection technique revealed seven risk factors, and ten interaction terms are statistically significantly contributing to the survival times. The final Cox-PH model was wellvalidated and satisfied all the key assumptions. The identified risk factors and their interactions are ranked according to the prognostic effect on the survival time based on the hazard ratio. We found the most contributing risk factor is the combined effect of patients with emphysema and cancer stage regional with a hazard ratio (HR) = 8.84.

Our website is actively being updated, and changes may occur frequently. Please clear your browser cache if needed. For feedback or error reporting, please email [email protected]

Request Access

Please fill out the form below to request access to this research paper. Your request will be reviewed by the editorial or author team.
X

Quote and Order Details

Contact Person

Invoice Address

Notes or Comments

This is the heading

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

High-quality academic research articles on global topics and journals.

Survival Analysis for Pancreatic Cancer Patients using Cox-Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model

Aditya Chakraborty
Aditya Chakraborty
Chris P. Tsokos
Chris P. Tsokos

Research Journals