The Atmospheric Warming and Homicides in India

Ashutosh Mishra

The Atmospheric Warming and Homicides in India

Ashutosh Mishra * §

Contact

§ University of Allahabad

The Atmospheric Warming and Homicides in India

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

984IE

The Atmospheric Warming and Homicides in India Banner

Key Research Insights

Synthesized scholarly intelligence & interactive research assistant

This converted HTML version may contain rendering inconsistencies. Please refer to the PDF for the authoritative version, or click here to provide feedback.

Abstract

Crime is an act against law and thus is a punishable offence. Crime varies over space and time. Among all crime types, murder is the most cruel and inhumane which do an irreparable damage to the society. The study attempts to examine how atmospheric warming may increase homicides. To achieve this, the paper analyses the trend pattern of homicides and various determinants. Social heterogeneity and weather-more specifically temperature, are considered to be most influencing in catalysing aggression and murder. The study tries to evaluate the linkages between these factors by examining the correlation between homicide and income and poverty level, level of urbanisation, and temperature in India over a 13-year span of time. The analysis is based mainly on the secondary data obtained from National Crime Record Bureau of India, India Meteorological Department and State and District Censuses. Results show that while poverty, urbanisation and income level do not affect the homicide significantly in unidirectional manner, temperature does affects the pattern of murder incidences. Interestingly the regions which have witnessed warming trend during the past decade, are also the areas of high and increasing homicide rates.

References

51 Cites in Article

Reference Format

1. Robert Agnew (2012). Dire Forecast: A Theoretical Model of the Impact of Climate Change on Crime. Theoretical Criminology, 16(1), 21.
2. C Anderson,D Anderson (1984). Ambient Temperature and Violent Crime: Tests of the Linear and Curvilinear Hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 91-97.
3. Craig Anderson,Brad Bushman,Ralph Groom (1997). Hot years and serious and deadly assault: Empirical tests of the heat hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(6), 1213-1223.
4. E Aronson (1988). The Social Animal. The Social Animal
5. W Bailey (1984). Poverty, Inequality, and City Homicide Rates. Criminology, 22, 531-550.
6. Robert Baron (1972). Aggression as a function of ambient temperature and prior anger arousal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21(2), 183-189.
7. Robert Baron,Paul Bell (1976). Aggression and heat: The influence of ambient temperature, negative affect, and a cooling drink on physical aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(3), 245-255.
8. Robert Baron,Paul Bell (1975). Aggression and heat: Mediating effects of prior provocation and exposure to an aggressive model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(5), 825-832.
9. R Baron,S Lawton (1972). Environmental Influences on Aggression: the Facilitation of Modelling Effects by High Ambient Temperatures. Psychonomic Science, 26, 80-82.
10. D Bayley (1991). Forces of Order. Forces of Order
11. Gary Becker (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.
12. P Bell,R Baron (1976). Aggression and Heat: The Mediating Role of Negative Affect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 6, 18-30.
13. Paul Bell,Ross Loomis,Barbara Brown,Britton Mace,Richard Miller,William Wozniak (1978). The past, present and future of environmental psychology. The past, present and future of environmental psychology
14. Judith Blau,Peter Blau (1982). The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114.
15. W Bonger (1916). Criminality and Economic Conditions. Criminality and Economic Conditions
16. Ehor Boyanowsky,Jocelyn Calvert,James Young,Linda Brideau (1981). Toward a Thermoregulatory Model of Violence. Journal of Environmental Systems, 11(1), 81-87.
17. C Brunsdon,C Jonathan,H Gary,Andrew (2009). The Influence of Weather on Local Geographical Patterns of Police Calls for Service. Environment and Planning-B: Planning and Design, 36(5), 906-926.
18. Brad Bushman,Morgan Wang,Craig Anderson (2005). Is the Curve Relating Temperature to Aggression Linear or Curvilinear? Assaults and Temperature in Minneapolis Reexamined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(1), 62-66.
19. Ellen Cohn,James Rotton (2000). WEATHER, SEASONAL TRENDS AND PROPERTY CRIMES IN MINNEAPOLIS, 1987–1988. A MODERATOR-VARIABLE TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF ROUTINE ACTIVITIES. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(3), 257-272.
20. E Cohn (1990). Weather and Crime. British Journal of Criminology, 30(1), 51-64.
21. J Cotton (1986). Ambient Temperature and Violent Crime. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 786-801.
22. Robert Crutchfield,Michael Geerken,Walter Gove (1982). Crime Rate and Social Integration The Impact of Metropolitan Mobility. Criminology, 20(3-4), 467-478.
23. S Danziger (1976). EXPLAINING URBAN CRIME RATES. Criminology, 14(2), 291-296.
24. Jamesw Defronzo (1984). Climate and Crime. Environment and Behavior, 16(2), 185-210.
25. H Feldman,R Jarmon (1979). Factors Influencing Criminal Behaviour in Newark: A Local Study in Forensic Psychiatry. Journal of Forensic Science, 24, 234-239.
26. E Glaeser,B Sacerdote,J Scheinkman (1996). Crime and Social Interactions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2), 507-548.
27. M Gottfredson,T Hirschi (1990). A General Theory of Crime. A General Theory of Crime
28. K Harries,S Stadler (1988). Heat and Violence: New Findings from Dallas Field Data, 1980 -1981. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18, 129-138.
29. T Hartnagel,G Lee (1990). Urban Crime in Canada. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 32, 591-606.
30. James Horrocks,Andrea Menclova (2011). The effects of weather on crime. New Zealand Economic Papers, 45(3), 231-254.
31. B Jacob,L Lefgren,E Moretti (2007). The Dynamics of Criminal Behaviour: Evidence from Weather Shocks. Journal of Human Resources, 42(3), 489-527.
32. D Jacobs (1981). Inequality and Economic Crime. Sociology and Social Research, 66, 12-28.
33. P Kelvin,J Jarret (1985). Unemployment: Its Social Psychological Effects. Unemployment: Its Social Psychological Effects
34. Leslie Kennedy,Robert Silverman,David Forde (1991). Homicide in Urban Canada: Testing the Impact of Economic Inequality and Social Disorganization. Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, 16(4), 397.
35. D Ladbrook (1988). Why are Crime Rates Higher in Urban than in Rural Areas?-Evidence from Japan, Australian and New Zealand. Journal of Criminology, 21, 81-103.
36. Steven Messner (1982). Poverty, Inequality, and the Urban Homicide Rate: Some Unexpected Findings. Criminology, 20(1), 103-114.
37. R Michael,D Zumpe Sexual Violence in the United States and the Role of Season. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 883-886.
38. Richard Michael,Doris Zumpe (1983). Annual rhythms in human violence and sexual aggression in the United States and the role of temperature. Biodemography and Social Biology, 30(3), 263-278.
39. Baron Montesquieu,De (1748). Charles de Montesquieu: The Spirit of Laws Year: 1748. Historic Documents of the Enlightenment
40. R Moos (1976). The Human Context. By R. H. Moos. (Pp. 444; illustrated; price not stated.) John Wiley & Sons: Chichester. 1976. Psychological Medicine, 8(4), 724-724.
41. Josephus Perry,Miles Simpson (1978). Violent Crimes in a City. Environment and Behavior, 19(1), 77-90.
42. M Philips (1991). A Hedgehog Proposal. Crime & Delinquency, 37(4), 555-574.
43. Alex Pokorny (1965). Human Violence: A Comparison of Homicide, Aggravated Assault, Suicide, and Attempted Suicide. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 56(4), 488.
44. A Quetelet (1831). Crime and Delinquency. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 20(3), 77-78.
45. James Rotton,Ellen Cohn (2003). Global Warming and U.S. Crime Rates. Environment and Behavior, 35(6), 802-825.
46. C Shaw,H Mckay (1969). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas
47. Paul Spector (1975). POPULATION DENSITY AND UNEMPLOYMENT. Criminology, 12(4), 399-401.
48. Ichiro Tanioka,Daniel Glaser (1991). School Uniforms, Routine Activities, and the Social Control of Delinquency in Japan. Youth & Society, 23(1), 50-75.
49. Masahiro Tsushima (1996). Economic structure and crime: The case of Japan. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 25(4), 497-515.
50. (2014). Global Study on Homicide 2013. Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, Contexts, Data
51. Kirk Williams (1984). Economic Sources of Homicide: Reestimating the Effects of Poverty and Inequality. American Sociological Review, 49(2), 283.

Download References

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Ashutosh Mishra. 2015. "The Atmospheric Warming and Homicides in India". Global Journal of Human-Social Science - B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management GJHSS-B Volume 15 (GJHSS Volume 15 Issue B3).

More Citation Formats

Select Citation Style:

Download Citation

GJHSS Volume 15 Issue B3

Explore Journals Explore Volume Read This Issue

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

Keywords

Not Found

Classification

GJHSS-B Classification FOR Code: 960202p

Submission ReceivedSeptember 12, 2015
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted October 2, 2015
Published October 15, 2015

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

July 1, 2015

Language

English

Order Article Reprint

Experience in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

View in VR

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

View in 3D

Article Matrices

Total Score: 101

Country: India

Subject: Global Journal of Human-Social Science - B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management

Authors: Ashutosh Mishra (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

View Count (all-time): 410

Total Views (Real + Logic): 1209

Total Downloads (simulated): 57

Publish Date: 2015 10, Thu

Monthly Totals (Real + Logic):

Month 1: 35 views
Month 2: 55 views
Month 3: 32 views
Month 4: 44 views
Month 5: 54 views
Month 6: 51 views
Month 7: 26 views
Month 8: 57 views
Month 9: 23 views
Month 10: 21 views
Month 11: 35 views
Month 12: 24 views
Month 13: 30 views
Month 14: 40 views
Month 15: 34 views
Month 16: 44 views
Month 17: 43 views
Month 18: 27 views
Month 19: 30 views
Month 20: 43 views
Month 21: 28 views
Month 22: 36 views
Month 23: 28 views
Month 24: 38 views
Month 25: 29 views
Month 26: 24 views
Month 27: 38 views
Month 28: 23 views
Month 29: 26 views
Month 30: 38 views
Month 31: 29 views
Month 32: 23 views
Month 33: 42 views
Month 34: 30 views
Month 35: 13 views
Month 36: 40 views
Month 37: 27 views
Month 38: 40 views
Month 39: 25 views
Month 40: 26 views
Month 41: 23 views
Month 42: 28 views
Month 43: 26 views
Month 44: 26 views
Month 45: 17 views
Month 46: 46 views
Month 47: 34 views
Month 48: 42 views
Month 49: 16 views
Month 50: 28 views
Month 51: 34 views
Month 52: 25 views
Month 53: 38 views
Month 54: 37 views
Month 55: 23 views
Month 56: 28 views
Month 57: 45 views
Month 58: 13 views
Month 59: 28 views
Month 60: 28 views
Month 61: 28 views
Month 62: 20 views
Month 63: 38 views
Month 64: 35 views
Month 65: 15 views
Month 66: 43 views
Month 67: 48 views
Month 68: 25 views
Month 69: 40 views
Month 70: 23 views
Month 71: 35 views
Month 72: 39 views
Month 73: 24 views
Month 74: 21 views
Month 75: 31 views
Month 76: 24 views
Month 77: 42 views
Month 78: 22 views
Month 79: 17 views
Month 80: 43 views
Month 81: 12 views
Month 82: 19 views
Month 83: 23 views
Month 84: 22 views
Month 85: 33 views
Month 86: 28 views
Month 87: 18 views
Month 88: 18 views
Month 89: 35 views
Month 90: 46 views
Month 91: 23 views
Month 92: 29 views
Month 93: 40 views
Month 94: 29 views
Month 95: 27 views
Month 96: 48 views
Month 97: 22 views
Month 98: 14 views
Month 99: 18 views
Month 100: 20 views
Month 101: 14 views
Month 102: 41 views
Month 103: 27 views
Month 104: 46 views
Month 105: 15 views
Month 106: 31 views
Month 107: 44 views
Month 108: 23 views
Month 109: 29 views
Month 110: 46 views
Month 111: 22 views
Month 112: 28 views
Month 113: 18 views
Month 114: 40 views
Month 115: 19 views
Month 116: 48 views
Month 117: 24 views
Month 118: 29 views
Month 119: 21 views
Month 120: 35 views
Month 121: 48 views
Month 122: 45 views
Month 123: 50 views
Month 124: 52 views
Month 125: 62 views
Month 126: 65 views
Month 127: 65 views
Month 128: 61 views
Month 129: 54 views
Month 130: 71 views
Month 131: 64 views
Month 132: 57 views
Month 133: 49 views

Total Views: 1.2K

Total Downloads: 57

All Trends