The Development of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. An Overview

Dr. Sujan Narayan Agrawal

The Development of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. An Overview

Dr. Sujan Narayan Agrawal * § MBBS,MS(Surgery),FAIS, Dh & Hm

Contact

§ SBRKM Government Medical College

The Development of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. An Overview

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

MRCI049

The Development of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. An Overview Banner

Key Research Insights

Synthesized scholarly intelligence & interactive research assistant

This converted HTML version may contain rendering inconsistencies. Please refer to the PDF for the authoritative version, or click here to provide feedback.

Abstract

The COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is the type of coronavirus. The structural proteins of the virus include the spike (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, envelop protein (E), and nucleocapsid (N) protein. The replication of the virus utilizes all structural proteins. The infection of the host occurs due to the binding of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE II). It is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belong to the family Coronavridae. The recent outbreak of this disease has caused a lethal pandemic. The previous knowledge of SARS-CoV has helped to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 also. The humoral and cell-mediated immune response is protective against this infection. The antibody response generated against the S protein, which is the most exposed protein of SARS-CoV, has been shown to protect from infection in mouse models. Multiple studies have shown that the antibodies generated against the N protein of SARS-CoV, are highly immunogenic and abundantly expressed protein during infections.

References

37 Cites in Article

Reference Format

Dr,Sujan Narayan Agrawal (2020). The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2): A Review of the Basics.
R Lu,X Zhao,J Li,P Niu,B Yang,H Wu (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
P Zhou,X.-L Yang,X.-G Wang,B Hu,L Zhang,W Zhang (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin.
R Lu,X Zhao,J Li,P Niu,B Yang,H Wu (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
Michael Letko,Vincent Munster (2020). Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B β-coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV.
M Homann,H Kleine-Weber,N Kruger,M Muller,C Drosten,S Pohlmann (2020). The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells.
Z.-Y Yang,W.-P Kong,Y Huang,A Roberts,B Murphy,K Subbarao (2004). A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice.
Rachel Graham,Michelle Becker,Lance Eckerle,Meagan Bolles,Mark Denison,Ralph Baric (2012). A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease.
Ying Lin,Xu Shen,Rui Yang,Yi Li,Yong Ji,You He,Mu Shi,Wei Lu,Tie Shi,Jin Wang,Hong Wang,Hua Jiang,Jian Shen,You Xie,Yuan Wang,Gang Pei,Bei Shen,Jia Wu,Bing Sun (2003). Identification of an epitope of SARS-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein.
Xuan Liu,Yulin Shi,Ping Li,Linhai Li,Yanping Yi,Qingjun Ma,Cheng Cao (2004). Profile of Antibodies to the Nucleocapsid Protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Associated Coronavirus in Probable SARS Patients.
Fang Tang,Yan Quan,Zhong-Tao Xin,Jens Wrammert,Mai-Juan Ma,Hui Lv,Tian-Bao Wang,Hong Yang,Jan Richardus,Wei Liu,Wu-Chun Cao (2011). Lack of Peripheral Memory B Cell Responses in Recovered Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study.
Hui Peng,Li-Tao Yang,Ling-Yun Wang,Jian Li,Jun Huang,Zhi-Qiang Lu,Richard Koup,Robert Bailer,Chang-You Wu (2006). Long-lived memory T lymphocyte responses against SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in SARS-recovered patients.
Yan-Ying Fan,Zi-Tong Huang,Li Li,Man-Hui Wu,Tao Yu,Richard Koup,Robert Bailer,Chang-You Wu (2009). Characterization of SARS-CoV-specific memory T cells from recovered individuals 4 years after infection.
Chris Ka-Fai Li,Hao Wu,Huiping Yan,Shiwu Ma,Lili Wang,Mingxia Zhang,Xiaoping Tang,Nigel Temperton,Robin Weiss,Jason Brenchley,Daniel Douek,Juthathip Mongkolsapaya,Bac-Hai Tran,Chen-Lung Steve Lin,Gavin Screaton,Jin-Lin Hou,Andrew Mcmichael,Xiao-Ning Xu (2008). T Cell Responses to Whole SARS Coronavirus in Humans.
Rudragouda Channappanavar,Craig Fett,Jincun Zhao,David Meyerholz,Stanley Perlman (2014). Virus-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells Provide Substantial Protection from Lethal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection.
Wang Ning,Jian,Shang,Shibo,Jiang,Du Lanying (2020). Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.
Tung Le,Thanh,Andreadakis,Zacharias,Kumar,Arun,Rom´an (2020). The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape.
Vandana Gupta,Tani Tabiin,Kai Sun,Ananth Chandrasekaran,Azlinda Anwar,Kun Yang,Priya Chikhlikar,Jerome Salmon,Vladimir Brusic,Ernesto Marques,Srinivasan Kellathur,Thomas August (2006). SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid immunodominant T-cell epitope cluster is common to both exogenous recombinant and endogenous DNA-encoded immunogens.
Vargab Baruah,Sujoy Bose (2020). Immunoinformatics‐aided identification of T cell and B cell epitopes in the surface glycoprotein of 2019‐nCoV.
Dominika Hobernik,Matthias Bros (2018). DNA Vaccines—How Far From Clinical Use?.
Mark Mulligan,Kirsten Lyke,Nicholas Kitchin,Judith Absalon,Alejandra Gurtman,Stephen Lockhart,Kathleen Neuzil,Vanessa Raabe,Ruth Bailey,Kena Swanson,Ping Li,Kenneth Koury,Warren Kalina,David Cooper,Camila Fontes-Garfias,Pei-Yong Shi,Ӧzlem Türeci,Kristin Tompkins,Edward Walsh,Robert Frenck,Ann Falsey,Philip Dormitzer,William Gruber,Uğur Şahin,Kathrin Jansen (2020). Phase 1/2 Study to Describe the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b1) in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age: Interim Report.
Yung-Fang Tu,Chian-Shiu Chien,Aliaksandr Yarmishyn,Yi-Ying Lin,Yung-Hung Luo,Yi-Tsung Lin,Wei-Yi Lai,De-Ming Yang,Shih-Jie Chou,Yi-Ping Yang,Mong-Lien Wang,Shih-Hwa Chiou (2020). A Review of SARS-CoV-2 and the Ongoing Clinical Trials.
Mark Mulligan,Kirsten Lyke,Nicholas Kitchin,Judith Absalon,Alejandra Gurtman,Stephen Lockhart,Kathleen Neuzil,Vanessa Raabe,Ruth Bailey,Kena Swanson,Ping Li,Kenneth Koury,Warren Kalina,David Cooper,Camila Fontes-Garfias,Pei-Yong Shi,Ӧzlem Türeci,Kristin Tompkins,Edward Walsh,Robert Frenck,Ann Falsey,Philip Dormitzer,William Gruber,Uğur Şahin,Kathrin Jansen (2020). Phase 1/2 Study to Describe the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b1) in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age: Interim Report.
Abhishek Upadhyay,Vengatesen Thiyagarajan (2020). Proteomic characterization of oyster shell organic matrix proteins (OMP).
Wang Ning,Jian,Shang,Shibo,Jiang,Du Lanying (2020). Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.
Wang Ning,Jian,Shang,Shibo,Jiang,Du Lanying (2020). Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.
Christopher Coleman,Ye Liu,Haiyan Mu,Justin Taylor,Michael Massare,David Flyer,Gregory Glenn,Gale Smith,Matthew Frieman (2020). Purified coronavirus spike protein nanoparticles induce coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in mice.
Meredith Wadman (2020). Novavax launches pivotal U.S. trial of dark horse COVID-19 vaccine after manufacturing delays.
Takehiro Ura,Kenji Okuda,Masaru Shimada (2014). Developments in Viral Vector-Based Vaccines.
Tung Le,Thanh,Andreadakis,Zacharias,Kumar,Arun,Raúl Rom´an,G´omez (2020). The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape.
David Jackson,Robert Symons,Paul Berg (1972). Biochemical Method for Inserting New Genetic Information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: Circular SV40 DNA Molecules Containing Lambda Phage Genes and the Galactose Operon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>.
M Mackett,G Smith,B Moss (1982). Vaccinia virus: a selectable eukaryotic cloning and expression vector..
Feng-Cai Zhu,Yu-Hua Li,Xu-Hua Guan,Li-Hua Hou,Wen-Juan Wang,Jing-Xin Li,Shi-Po Wu,Bu-Sen Wang,Zhao Wang,Lei Wang,Si-Yue Jia,Hu-Dachuan Jiang,Ling Wang,Tao Jiang,Yi Hu,Jin-Bo Gou,Sha-Bei Xu,Jun-Jie Xu,Xue-Wen Wang,Wei Wang,Wei Chen (2020). Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial.
Anon (2020). UW-Madison, FluGen, Bharat Biotech to develop CoroFlu, a coronavirus vaccine.
Jaimy Lee (2020). These 23 companies are working on coronavirus treatments or vaccines -here's where things stand.
Lucy Dorp,Van, Acman,Mislav,Damien Richard (2020). Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2. s.l.
Coronavirus (2020). Pharmacies will have major role in administering COVID-19 vaccine, says health secretary.

Download References

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Dr. Sujan Narayan Agrawal. 2021. "The Development of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. An Overview". Global Journal of Medical Research - C: Microbiology & Pathology GJMR-C Volume 21 (GJMR Volume 21 Issue C2).

More Citation Formats

Select Citation Style:

Download Citation

GJMR Volume 21 Issue C2

Explore Journals Explore Volume Read This Issue

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmr

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

Keywords

Not Found

Classification

GJMR-C Classification NLMC Code: QW 800

Submission ReceivedJune 13, 2021
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted July 3, 2021
Published July 15, 2021

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

June 4, 2021

Language

English

Experiance in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

View in VR

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

View in 3D

Article Matrices

Total Views: 995

Total Downloads: 76

All Trends