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This paper attempted to assess the attitudes of students in
Advances in technology have created the potential for a new
Inclusion has become a priority on the global educational agenda,
Mobile computing raises many new issues such as lack of stable storage, low bandwidth of wireless channel, high mobility, and limited battery life. These new issues make traditional checkpointing algorithms unsuitable. Coordinated checkpointing is an attractive approach for transparently adding fault tolerance to distributed applications since it avoids domino effects and minimizes the stable storage requirement. However, it suffers from high overhead associated with the checkpointing process in mobile computing systems. In literature mostly, two approaches have been used to reduce the overhead: First is to minimize the number of synchronization messages and the number of checkpoints; the other is to make the checkpointing process nonblocking. Since MHs are prone to failure, so they have to transfer a large amount of checkpoint data and control information to its local MSS which increases bandwidth overhead. In this paper, we introduce the concept of “Soft checkpoint” which is neither a tentative checkpoint nor a permanent checkpoint, to design efficient checkpointing algorithms for mobile computing systems. Soft checkpoints can be saved anywhere, e.g., the main memory or local disk of MHs. Before disconnecting from the MSS, these soft checkpoints are converted to hard checkpoints and are sent to MSSs stable storage. In this way, taking a soft checkpoint avoids the overhead of transferring large amounts of data to the stable storage at MSSs over the wireless network. We have also shown that our soft checkpointing scheme also adapts its behaviour to the characteristics of network.
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