The Toroidal Fine-Structure of the Electron

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Gene Gryziecki
Gene Gryziecki

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Developments in physics in the past two decades have expanded the well-known mass-energy equation into a rigorous set of relations that provide the electric and magnetic finestructure and the volumetric structure of the electron as a closed-flux torus, all in agreement with 2018 Codata values. In light of these developments, the present communication questions the physical meaning of the Bohr radius and its implications -the Bohr-Heisenberg theory of the hydrogen atom and its description of an electron as a point-mass particle that only exists when its probability wave collapses.

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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Not applicable for this article.

Gene Gryziecki. 2026. \u201cThe Toroidal Fine-Structure of the Electron\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - A: Physics & Space Science GJSFR-A Volume 23 (GJSFR Volume 23 Issue A1): .

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Electron orbitals in physics and atomic research for advanced scientific insights.
Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

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GJSFR-A Classification: DDC Code: 530.141 LCC Code: QA935
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v1.2

Issue date

March 25, 2023

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English

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Developments in physics in the past two decades have expanded the well-known mass-energy equation into a rigorous set of relations that provide the electric and magnetic finestructure and the volumetric structure of the electron as a closed-flux torus, all in agreement with 2018 Codata values. In light of these developments, the present communication questions the physical meaning of the Bohr radius and its implications -the Bohr-Heisenberg theory of the hydrogen atom and its description of an electron as a point-mass particle that only exists when its probability wave collapses.

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The Toroidal Fine-Structure of the Electron

Gene Gryziecki
Gene Gryziecki

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