Trade of threatened Himalayan medicinal and aromatic plants-socioeconomy, management and conservation issues in Garhwal Himalaya, India

Abstract

Collection and trade of medicinal and aromatic plant species (MAPs) is age old practice throughout the world to increase household income. Over harvesting decreased their populations and a number of species became threatened in natural habitat. Survey was conducted on trade of such threatened MAPs from wild in Garhwal Himalaya (Uttarakhand), India. Information’s were collected on MAPs trade, channels involved and profit at each level of transaction. Even after ban on commercial exploitation of some MAPs, trade continued through illegal ways. Harvesting starts from July and continue till November. Further, harvesting prior to seed dispersal decreased chance of recruitment of new individual, due to which abundance of these species is decreasing with alarming rate.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between