Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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This paper discusses land issues and attempts to explain why they are persistent and prevalent in Chinese cities. We will demonstrate that the factors behind the land issues include land institution setting, gradualism in reforms, illdesigned policy instruments, one-size-fits-all approaches to land management, a fragmented planning system, and development objectives that are conflicting among themselves at the national level. We then discuss land policy challenges and unfinished reforms that deserve attention. Land reforms underscore the balancing act required between the concerns about the protection of property rights and public interests. They were meant to address the entitlement question of unearned land value increments, minimize social welfare losses in farmland protection, and add planning/policy flexibility to cope with future development uncertainty. Finally, we illustrate the challenges in policy choices and the importance of the political will/determination of top leaders at all levels of government in undertaking radical and fundamental land policy reforms. Political will/determination would be critical in land policy reforms because leaders will face rising political resistance and huge socioeconomic costs.
Chengri Ding. 2019. \u201cUrban Land Issues and Policy Challenges in China’s Rapid Urbanization\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - H: Interdisciplinary GJHSS-H Volume 19 (GJHSS Volume 19 Issue H1): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS
Print ISSN 0975-587X
e-ISSN 2249-460X
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Total Score: 133
Country: China
Subject: Global Journal of Human-Social Science - H: Interdisciplinary
Authors: Chengri Ding, Kunzi Cao, Weixing Gao (PhD/Dr. count: 0)
View Count (all-time): 154
Total Views (Real + Logic): 2842
Total Downloads (simulated): 1396
Publish Date: 2019 02, Wed
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This paper discusses land issues and attempts to explain why they are persistent and prevalent in Chinese cities. We will demonstrate that the factors behind the land issues include land institution setting, gradualism in reforms, illdesigned policy instruments, one-size-fits-all approaches to land management, a fragmented planning system, and development objectives that are conflicting among themselves at the national level. We then discuss land policy challenges and unfinished reforms that deserve attention. Land reforms underscore the balancing act required between the concerns about the protection of property rights and public interests. They were meant to address the entitlement question of unearned land value increments, minimize social welfare losses in farmland protection, and add planning/policy flexibility to cope with future development uncertainty. Finally, we illustrate the challenges in policy choices and the importance of the political will/determination of top leaders at all levels of government in undertaking radical and fundamental land policy reforms. Political will/determination would be critical in land policy reforms because leaders will face rising political resistance and huge socioeconomic costs.
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