Using Unlabeled Data for Increasing Low-Shot Classification Accuracy of Relevant and Open-Set Irrelevant Images

1
Spiridon Kasapis
Spiridon Kasapis
2
Geng Zang
Geng Zang
3
Jonathon M. Smereka
Jonathon M. Smereka
4
Nickolas Vlahopoulos
Nickolas Vlahopoulos
1 University of Michigan

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In search, exploration, and reconnaissance tasks performed with autonomous ground vehicles, an image classification capability is needed for specifically identifying targeted objects (relevant classes) and at the same time recognize when a candidate image does not belong to anyone of the relevant classes (irrelevant images). In this paper, we present an open-set low-shot classifier that uses, during its training, a modest number (less than 40) of labeled images for each relevant class, and unlabeled irrelevant images that are randomly selected at each epoch of the training process. The new classifier is capable of identifying images from the relevant classes, determining when a candidate image is irrelevant, and it can further recognize categories of irrelevant images that were not included in the training (unseen). The proposed lowshot classifier can be attached as a top layer to any pre-trained feature extractor when constructing a Convolutional Neural Network.

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

Spiridon Kasapis. 2026. \u201cUsing Unlabeled Data for Increasing Low-Shot Classification Accuracy of Relevant and Open-Set Irrelevant Images\u201d. Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology - D: Neural & AI GJCST-D Volume 22 (GJCST Volume 22 Issue D2): .

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Accurate Low-Shot Classification for Relevancy & Open-Set Detection.
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GJCST Volume 22 Issue D2
Pg. 11- 24
Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjcst

Print ISSN 0975-4350

e-ISSN 0975-4172

Keywords
Classification
GJCST-D Classification: DDC Code: 025.0425 LCC Code: ZA3075
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v1.2

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May 26, 2022

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English

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In search, exploration, and reconnaissance tasks performed with autonomous ground vehicles, an image classification capability is needed for specifically identifying targeted objects (relevant classes) and at the same time recognize when a candidate image does not belong to anyone of the relevant classes (irrelevant images). In this paper, we present an open-set low-shot classifier that uses, during its training, a modest number (less than 40) of labeled images for each relevant class, and unlabeled irrelevant images that are randomly selected at each epoch of the training process. The new classifier is capable of identifying images from the relevant classes, determining when a candidate image is irrelevant, and it can further recognize categories of irrelevant images that were not included in the training (unseen). The proposed lowshot classifier can be attached as a top layer to any pre-trained feature extractor when constructing a Convolutional Neural Network.

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Using Unlabeled Data for Increasing Low-Shot Classification Accuracy of Relevant and Open-Set Irrelevant Images

Spiridon Kasapis
Spiridon Kasapis University of Michigan
Geng Zang
Geng Zang
Jonathon M. Smereka
Jonathon M. Smereka
Nickolas Vlahopoulos
Nickolas Vlahopoulos

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