Research
Post Control Survey on Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Vector Distribution in Ameya District, South West Shewa, Ethiopia
A cross sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2013 to determine prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and population of tsetse and other biting flies, and to assess effects of integrated control strategy implem - ented in the last five years in Ameya district, South West Shewa, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were used. Structured questionnaire survey was conducted by face to face discussion. Buffy coat technique was used for screening followed by thin smear technique for trypanosome species identification. Baited monopyramidail traps were deployed at a distance of 300m apart for 72 hours to catch flies. The district was identified as one of the areas affected by bovine trypanosomosis and infested by tsetse and other biting flies. Integrated control strategy has been implemented to reduce occurrence of the disease and its vectors. From 436 examined animals, 6 (1.4%) were positive. Two species of trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei (3/6, 50%) and Trypanosoma congolense (2/6, 33.33%) were identified in a single infection while 16.67% (1/6) mixed infection of both species was obtained. There was no statistical significance difference (p>0.05) in prevalence of the disease among groups of peasant associations and age, and between sex groups. The mean packed cell volume of parasitemic and aparasitemic cattle was similar. A total of 6236 biting flies, including 6133 (98.35%) Stomoxys, 18 (0.29%) Tabanus, 14 (0.22%) Chrysops and 71 (1.14%) Haematopota were captured. However, tsetse fly was not captured. Statistical significance difference was observed in mean catch of Stomoxys and Tabanus (p<0.05) in different peasant associations. In conclusion, application of integrated control strategy undertaken in the district resulted in reduction of disease occurrence and tsetse flies. Thus, continuation of the ongoing integrated control strategy and dissemination of the strategy to neighboring districts to limit re-invasion with tsetse flies were recommended.
Study on Odour Attractants to Catch Glossina Pallidipes Austen and Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes Newsteed (Diptera: Glossinidae) At Sor Hydroelectric Station, Ethiopia
An experimental study was conducted to assess effects of odour attractants on catch size of Glossina pallidipes Austen and Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newsteed at Sor Hydroelectric station around Sor River, West Ethiopia. Various doses of acetone, octenol and cow urine were used as odour attractants with monopyramidal traps. Three 5x5 Latin squares method was used making a total of 15 replicates. Acetone released at dose rate of 150mg/hr and 500mg/hr with 0.5mg/hr octenol and 1000mg/hr cow urine were found to be most effective in increasing catch size of Glossina pallidipes Austen by up to 11.26-12.54 times. Acetone released at dose rate of 2000mg/hr in combination with 0.5mg/hr octenol increased the catch only up to 4.07 times but cow urine alone produced increases in catch size by 2.54 times. In the trial performed for Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead, 0.5mg/hr octenol, 500mg/hr acetone and 1000mg/hr cow urine were used alone and in combination, the catch number of samples from baited and unbaited (control) traps differed slightly. There were no significant repellent or attraction effect as the efficiencies were at roughly the no odour level. In conclusion, cow urine (1000mg/hr) with octenol (0.5mg/hr) and acetone (150 and 500mg/hr) was considered to be a potentially useful combination of baits for Glossina pallidipes Austen control and sampling. However, further study should be conducted on behavior and baites used to attract Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead in the study area.
