Effect of Seismic Load on Column Forces in RC Structures by Response Spectrum Analysis

Mahdi Hosseini
Mahdi Hosseini * § Department of Civil Engineering, Ph.D., M.Tech., B.Engg., Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Telangana, India
§ Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China...

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Effect of Seismic Load on Column Forces in RC Structures by Response Spectrum Analysis

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I. INTRODUCTION

a) Structural Systems

In the earliest structures at the beginning of the 20th century, structural members were assumed to carry primarily the gravity loads. Today, however, by the advances in structural design/systems and highstrength materials, building height is increased, which necessitates taking into consideration mainly the lateral loads such as wind and earthquake. Understandably, especially for the tall buildings, as the slenderness, and so the flexibility increases, buildings suffer from the lateral loads resulting from wind and earthquake more and more. As a general rule, when other things being equal, the taller the building, the more necessary it is to identify the proper structural system for resisting the lateral loads. Currently, there are many structural systems that can be used for the lateral resistance of tall buildings[2,3].

Structural systems of tall buildings can be divided into two broad categories: interior structures and exterior structures.

This classification is based on the distribution of the components of the primary lateral load-resisting system over the building.

b) Shear Wall Structure

Shear Wall-Frame Systems (Dual Systems), The system consists of reinforced concrete frames interacting with reinforced concrete shear walls are adequate for resisting both the vertical and the horizontal loads acting on them.

c) Necessity of Shear Walls

Shear wall system has two distinct advantages over a frame system.

  • It provides adequate strength to resist large lateral loads with-out excessive additional cost.
  • It provides adequate stiffness to resist lateral displacements to permissible limits, thus reducing risk of non-structural damage.

d) Seismic Load

The seismic weight of building is the sum of seismic weight of all the floors [8]. The seismic weight of each floor is its full dead load plus appropriate amount of imposed load, the latter being that part of the imposed loads that may reasonably be expected to be attached to the structure at the time of earthquake shaking. Earthquake forces experienced by a building result from ground motions (accelerations) which are also fluctuating or dynamic in nature, in fact they reverse direction somewhat chaotically[2,3]. In theory and practice, the lateral force that a building experiences from an earthquake increases in direct proportion with the acceleration of ground motion at the building site and the mass of the building. As the ground accelerates back and forth during an earthquake it imparts back-and-forth (cyclic) forces to a building through its foundation which is forced to move with the ground [1].

e) Geo-Technical Consideration

The seismic motion that reaches a structure on the surface of the earth is influenced by local soil conditions. The subsurface soil layers underlying the building foundation may amplify the response of the building to earthquake motions originating in the bedrock.

Three soil types are considered here:

I. Hard - Those soils, which have an allowable bearing capacity of more than 10 t / m 2 II. Medium - Those soils, which have an allowable bearing capacity less than or equal to 10 t / m 2

III. Soft - Those soils, which are liable to large differential settlement or liquefaction during an earthquake.

The allowable bearing pressure shall be determined in accordance with IS: 1888-1982 load test (Revision 1992).

II. METHODOLOGY

a) To understand and evaluation building structures and aims to the effect of Seismic load on column Forces in Different Type of RC Shear Walls in Concrete Frame Structures under Different Type of Soil Condition with seismic loading.

b) Modeling a G + 29 story high building for five different cases [9-11].

c) Analyzing the building dynamic analysis using linear, i.e. Response Spectrum Analysis [1-3].

d) Analyzing the results and arriving at conclusions.

a) Dynamic Analysis

  • Dynamic analysis may be executed to get the design seismic force, and its spread in different levels through the height of the building, and also various lateral load resisting element[1-2-3,8].

b) Response Spectrum Method

This method is executed to design spectrum, where as it is specified with a code for specific- site design can be used for a project site for the purposes of dynamic of steel and reinforce concrete buildings, the values of damping for building may be taken as 2 and 5 percent of the critical, respectively. response spectrum method is typically implemented in linear elastic procedures and also very much easier to use. This also called as or mode superposition method or model method, It also made on the idea of the superposition of responses given by the building through various modes of vibrations, each vibration modes is recorded as with its own particular deformed shape, with its own modal damping and its own frequency [7,8].

III. MODELING OF BUILDING

a) Details of the Building

A symmetrical building[15] of plan 38.5 m X 35.5 m located with location in high Seismic zone considered. Four bays of length 7.5 m & one bays of length 8.5 m along X - direction and four bays of length 7.5 m & one bays of length 5.5 m along Y - direction are provided. Shear is provided the center inner core of model building.

Struct I: G+29 story'shall building with Plus shape RC shear wall at the center of structure.

Struct II: G+29 story'stall building with Box shape RC shear wall at the center of structure.

Struct III: G+29 story'stall building with C- shape RC shear wall at the center of structure.

Struct IV: G+29 story'stall building with E- shape RC shear wall at the center of structure.

Struct V: G+29 story'stall building with I- shape RC shear wall at the center of structure.

b) Load Combinations

As per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Clause no. 6.3.1.2, the following load cases have to be considered for analysis:

1.2 ( D L + I L ± E L ) 1.5 ( D L ± E L ) E Q X P & E Q Y P

Earthquake load must be considered for + X , X , + Y and Y Directions [5-7].

c) The Building Details

Type of frame: Special RC moment resisting frame fixed at the base, Number of storeys: G+29, Floor height: 3.5 m, Depth of Slab: 225 mm, Size of beam: (300 × 600) mm, Size of column (exterior): (1250×1250) mm up to story five, Size of column (exterior): (900×900) mm Above story five, Size of column (interior): (1250×1250) mm up to story ten, Size of column (interior): (900×900) mm Above story ten, Live load on floor: 4 KN/m2, Floor finish: 2.5 KN/m2, Wall load: 25 KN/m, Grade of Concrete: M 50 concrete, Grade of Steel: Fe 500, Thickness of shear wall: 450 mm, Seismic zone: V, Important Factor: 1.5, Density of concrete: 25 KN/m3, Type of soil: Type I=Soft Soil, Type II=Medium Soil, Type III= Hard Soil, Response spectra: As per IS 1893(Part-1):2002, Damping of structure: 5 percent & All the analyses has been carried out as per the Indian Standard code books [4-8].

Figure 1: Plan of the Structure I
Figure 1: Plan of the Structure I
Figure 2: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure I
Figure 2: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure I
Figure 3: Plan of the Structure II
Figure 3: Plan of the Structure II
Figure 4: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure II
Figure 4: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure II
Figure 5: Plan of the Structure III
Figure 5: Plan of the Structure III
Figure 6: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure III
Figure 6: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure III
Figure 7: Plan of the Structure IV
Figure 7: Plan of the Structure IV
Figure 8: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure IV
Figure 8: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure IV
Figure 10: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure V
Figure 10: 3D view showing shear wall location for Structure V

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Parametric results in column forces such as column axial force, column moment, column shear force & column torsion with different load combination/load Cases such as 1.2 (DL+LL+EQXP), 1.2 (DL+LL+EQYP), 1.5 (DL+EQXP), 1.5 (DL+EQYP),

EQXP & EQYP in different type of soil conditions (soft, medium and hard) were considered, in this regard we compared all column forces in different type of soil condition of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I (plus shape shear wall), also compared forces in hard and medium soils with soft soil for all five structures.

Table 8495: Table 1: Column Axial Force, P for structures with the load combination 1.2 (DL+LL+EQXP) & 1.2 (DL+LL+EQYP), All value in "kN"
Column Axial Force, P in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
Story"Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P""P""P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0-24171.0618-24285.0493-24629.8602-24381.5444-24398.1773
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)1.45-24103.093-24217.0806-24561.8915-24313.5757-24330.2086
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)2.9-24035.1243-24149.1118-24493.9227-24245.6069-24262.2398
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0-23630.6382-23276.1711-23447.6424-23345.1752-23441.1649
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)1.45-23562.6694-23208.2023-23379.6736-23277.2065-23373.1961
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)2.9-23494.7007-23140.2336-23311.7049-23209.2377-23305.2274
Column Axial Force, P in Medium Soil
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0-24937.4993-25121.0698-25571.6279-25446.3503-25240.6514
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)1.45-24869.5305-25053.1011-25503.6591-25378.3816-25172.6826
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)2.9-24801.5618-24985.1323-25435.6904-25310.4128-25104.7139
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0-24202.5232-23748.9954-23963.8116-23949.6572-23939.1144
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)1.45-24134.5545-23681.0267-23895.8428-23881.6884-23871.1456
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)2.9-24066.5857-23613.0579-23827.8741-23813.7197-23803.1769
Column Axial Force, P in Hard Soil
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0-25597.4871-25840.9764-26382.5944-26235.5482-25966.1151
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)1.45-25529.5184-25773.0076-26314.6257-26167.5794-25898.1464
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)2.9-25461.5496-25705.0389-26246.6569-26099.6107-25830.1776
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0-24694.9798-24156.1497-24408.2906-24397.697-24367.9043
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)1.45-24627.011-24088.181-24340.3219-24329.7283-24299.9355
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)2.9-24559.0423-24020.2122-24272.3531-24261.7595-24231.9668
Table 8494: Table 2: Column Moment, M for structures with the load combination 1.2 (DL+LL+EQXP) &1.2 (DL+LL+EQYP), All value in "kN-m"
Column Moment, M in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruct V
Sto ryColu mnUniq ue NameLoad Case/Com boStati on m"M2""M3""M2""M3""M2""M3""M2""M3""M3"
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)0-244.01 18979.47 15-171.67 741061.1 112-251.86 411421.2 435-239.99 221271.7 973-249.77 58971.72 83
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)1.45-146.26 84805.69 93-84.416 8912.71 96-151.39 271219.8 181-142.18 61095.4 925-150.87 48826.99 06
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)2.9-48.525 1631.92 712.8438764.32 8-50.921 31018.3 927-44.379 9919.18 78-51.973 8682.25 29
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)01727.5 733-24.707 51026.4 07-134.63 531218.6 199-173.18 54-1153.6 344-157.40 431174.9 664-74.852 3
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)1.451393.6 416-70.519 4-893.97 23-94.6281027.4 053-112.27 58-974.88 51-107.00 72-954.74 75-81.408 3
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)2.91059.7 1-116.33 13761.53 75-54.620 7836.19 07-51.366 3796.13 58-56.610 1734.52 87-87.964 4
Column Moment, M in Medium Soil
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)0-312.52 421329.5 266-216.791461.8 423-325.85 381958.0 803-325.92 71862.7 469-322.56 991328.7 543
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)1.45-197.67 081112.7 719-115.99 391264.1 942-207.08 21683.6 228-206.75 271610.8 77-205.97 961142.9 081
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)2.9-82.817 5896.01 72-15.197 81066.5 461-88.310 21409.1 652-87.578 51359.0 072-89.389 3957.06 19
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)02368.8 316-36.156 81412.6 049-164.37 291674.0 045-210.34 291686.2 828-200.78 171615.0 795-94.595 2
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)1.451896.6 069-78.885 51214.6 153-105.79 851396.0 833-128.02 51406.1 652-125.34 181297.6 668-92.514 4
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)2.91424.3 822-121.61 421016.6 256-47.224 21118.1 621-45.7071126.0 477-49.901 9980.25 41-90.433 6
Column Moment, M in Hard Soil
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)0-371.52 091630.9 629-255.63 691806.9 164-389.56 712420.3 565-389.65 262300.9 465-385.25 371636.1 935
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)1.45-241.93 41377.1 956-143.18 531566.8 529-255.03 672083.0 102-254.63 21993.0 377-253.43 11414.9 482
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)2.9-112.34 711123.4 282-30.733 61326.7 894-120.50 621745.6 638-119.61 131685.1 289-121.60 821193.7 03
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)02921.0 262-46.015 91745.1 642-189.98 022066.1 412-242.33 972081.2 226-232.94 531994.0 659-111.59 61
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)1.452329.7 158-86.089 71490.7 245-115.41 761713.5 56-141.58 67-1725.9 364-138.93 691592.9 584-102.07 8
1S TC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)2.91738.4 055-126.16 341236.2 848-40.8551360.9 708-40.833 81370.6 502-44.928 51191.8 51-92.559 9
Table 8493: Table 3: Column Shear, V for structures with the load combination 1.2 (DL+LL+EQXP) & 1.2 (DL+LL+EQYP), All value in "KN"
Column Shear, V in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruct V
Sto ryCol umnUniq ue NameLoad Case/ComboStati on m"V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)0119.8 429- 67.40 92102.3 39- 60.17 98138.9 141- 69.29 06121.5 895- 67.45 2599.81 91- 68.20 76
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)1.45119.8 429- 67.40 92102.3 39- 60.17 98138.9 141- 69.29 06121.5 895- 67.45 2599.81 91- 68.20 76
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)2.9119.8 429- 67.40 92102.3 39- 60.17 98138.9 141- 69.29 06121.5 895- 67.45 2599.81 91- 68.20 76
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)031.59 44230.2 977- 27.59 1291.33 43- 42.00 66131.8 722- 34.75 66123.2 7544.521 4151.8 751
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)1.4531.59 44230.2 977- 27.59 1291.33 43- 42.00 66131.8 722- 34.75 66123.2 7544.521 4151.8 7511
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)2.931.59 44230.2 977- 27.59 1291.33 43- 42.00 66131.8 722- 34.75 66123.2 7544.521 4151.8 7515
Column Shear, V in Medium Soil
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)0149.4 86- 79.20 92136.3 091- 69.51 45189.2 811- 81.91 16173.7 034- 82.18 92128.1 698- 80.40 71
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)1.45149.4 86- 79.20 92136.3 091- 69.51 45189.2 811- 81.91 16173.7 034- 82.18 92128.1 698- 80. 40 71
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQXP)2.9149.4 86- 79.20 92136.3 091- 69.51 45189.2 811- 81.91 16173.7 034- 82.18 92128.1 698- 80. 40 71
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)029.46 81325.6 722- 40.39 61136.5 446- 56.77 1191.6 698- 52.02 75193.1 845-1.435218.9 053
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+ EQYP)1.4529.46 81325.6 722- 40.39 61136.5 446- 56.77 1191.6 698- 52.02 75193.1 845-1.435218.9 053
Figure 9: Plan of the Structure V
Figure 9: Plan of the Structure V
Table 8492: Table 4: Column Torsion, T for structures with the load combination 1.2 (DL+LL+EQXP) & 1.2 (DL+LL+EQYP), All value in "kN-m"
Column Torsion, T in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
Story"Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T""T""T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0-41.6175-29.3334-44.901-42.3525-43.8436
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)1.45-41.6175-29.3334-44.901-42.3525-43.8436
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)2.9-41.6175-29.3334-44.901-42.3525-43.8436
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)045.314531.952548.872446.137548.5638
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)1.4545.314531.952548.872446.137548.5638
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)2.945.314531.952548.872446.137548.5638
Column Torsion, T in Medium Soil
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0-56.5981-39.8539-61.0208-61.1008-59.584
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)1.45-56.5981-39.8539-61.0208-61.1008-59.584
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)2.9-56.5981-39.8539-61.0208-61.1008-59.584
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)061.629443.494966.511166.6666.09
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)1.4561.629443.494966.511166.6666.09
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)2.961.629443.494966.511166.6666.09
Column Torsion, T in Hard Soil
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0-69.4981-48.9132-74.9017-75.004-73.1383
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)1.45-69.4981-48.9132-74.9017-75.004-73.1383
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)2.9-69.4981-48.9132-74.9017-75.004-73.1383
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)075.678453.434281.699981.878881.182
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)1.4575.678453.434281.699981.878881.182
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)2.975.678453.434281.699981.878881.182
Table 8491: Table 5: Column Axial Force, P for structures with the load combination 1.5 (DL+EQXP) & 1.5 (DL+EQYP), All value in "kN"
Column Axial Force, Pin Soft SoilStruct IStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station'm"P""P""P""P""P"
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0-25183.8699-25355.396-25767.3656-25468.0736-25450.8356
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)1.45-25098.9089-25270.435-25682.4047-25383.1127-25365.8747
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)2.9-25013.948-25185.4741-25597.4437-25298.1518-25280.9137
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0-24508.3404-24094.2982-24289.5933-24172.6121-24254.57
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)1.45-24423.3794-24009.3372-24204.6324-24087.6512-24169.6091
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)2.9-24338.4185-23924.3763-24119.6714-24002.6903-24084.6481
Column Axial Force, P in Medium Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0-26141.9168-26400.4216-26944.5752-26799.081-26503.9282
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)1.45-26056.9558-26315.4607-26859.6142-26714.1201-26418.9672
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)2.9-25971.9949-26230.4998-26774.6533-26629.1591-26334.0063
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0-25223.1967-24685.3286-24934.8048-24928.2146-24877.0069
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)1.45-25138.2357-24600.3677-24849.8439-24843.2537-24792.046
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)2.9-25053.2748-24515.4068-24764.8829-24758.2927-24707.0851
Column Axial Force, P in Hard Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0-26966.9016-27300.3048-27958.2834-27785.5783-27410.7578
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)1.45-26881.9407-27215.3439-27873.3224-27700.6174-27325.7969
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)2.9-26796.9797-27130.383-27788.3615-27615.6564-27240.836
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0-25838.7674-25194.2715-25490.4036-25488.2644-25412.9943
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)1.45-25753.8064-25109.3106-25405.4426-25403.3035-25328.0334
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)2.9-25668.8455-25024.3496-25320.4817-25318.3425-25243.0724
Table 8490: Table 6: Column Moment, M for structures with the load combination 1.5 (DL +EQXP) & 1.5 (DL+EQYP), All value in "kN-m"
Column Moment, M in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M2""M3""M2""M3""M2""M3""M2""M3""M3"
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)0-300.97 131225.7 47-213.581343.4 34-313.8 2421800.2 079-298.97 711609.5 397-311.21 44
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)1.45-185.76 631027.6 976-111.24 831165.8 496-194.9 6931551.5 389-183.46 031395.0 708-194.32 03
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)2.9-70.561 4829.64 82-8.9167988.26 53-76.11 451302.8 699-67.943 61180.6 019-77.426 3
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)02163.5 101-29.476 61284.0 256-151.24 911524. 2808-192.82 821443.0 562-176.96 231469.7 135
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)1.451739.1 213-67.575 71111.7 38-93.334 91278. 5282-113.57 851212.8 786-108.05 39-84.300 4
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)2.91314.7 324-105.67 48-939.45 04-35.420 61032. 7756-34.328 8982.70 11-39.145 4-905.70 18
Column Moment, M in Medium Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)0-386.6 1181663.3 159-269.97 071844. 3479-406.31 132471.2 54-406.39 562348.2 268-402.20 7
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)1.45-250.0 1931411.5 384-150.71 971605. 1929-264.58 12131.2 948-264.16 872039.3 015-263.20 13
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)2.9-113.4 2691159.7 609-31.468 71366. 0378-122.85 061791.3 356-121.94 181730.3 762-1226.4 4
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)02965. 0829-43.788 31766.7 729-188.4 2112093.5 115-239.27 51-2108.8 666-231.18 4-113.43 67
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)1.452367. 8278-78.033 41512.5 417-107.2 9811739.3 757-133.26 49-1751.9 788-130.97 2-98.183
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)2.91770. 5727-112.27 851258.3 105-26.17 51385.2 398-27.254 71395.0 909-30.760 1-82.929 4
Column Moment, M in Hard Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)0-460.3 5772040.1 114-318.52 932275. 6905-485.95 33049.0 992-486.05 262895.9 762-480.56 17
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)1.45-305.3 4831742.0 68-184.70 891983. 5162-324.52 432630.5 29-324.01 772517.0 023-322.51 55
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)2.9-150.3 3891444.0 245-50.888 51691. 342-163.09 56-2211.9 588-161.98 28-2138.0 283-164.46 93
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)03655. 3261-56.112 22182.4 72-220.4 3032583.6 823-279.27 112602.5 414-271.38 85-134.68 77
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)1.452909. 214-87.038 61857.6 783-119.3 2192136.2 165-150.21 712151.6 928-147.96 59-110.13 75
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)2.92163. 1019-117.96 51532.8 845-18.21 351688.7 508-21.163 21700.8 441-24.543 4-85.587 3
Table 8489: Table 7: Column Shear, V for structures with the load combination 1.5 (DL+EQXP) & 1.5 (DL+EQYP), All value in "kN"
Column Shear, V in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3""V2"
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)0136.58 58- 79.45 17122.47 2- 70.573 6171.49 59- 81.968 9147.90 96- 79.666 7- 116.04 79
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)1.45136.58 58- 79.45 17122.47 2- 70.573 6171.49 59- 81.968 9147.90 96- 79.666 7- 116.04 79
1stC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)2.9136.58 58- 79.45 17122.47 2- 70.573 6171.49 59- 81.968 9147.90 96- 79.666 7- 116.04 79
1sTC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)026.275 2292.6 819- 39.940 9118.81 9- 54.654 9169.48 46- 47.523 1158.74 31- 3.0742
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)1.4526.275 2292.6 819- 39.940 9118.81 9- 54.654 9169.48 46- 47.523 1158.74 31- 3.0742
1STC341.5(DL+ EQYP)2.926.275 2292.6 819- 39.940 9118.81 9- 54.654 9169.48 46- 47.523 1158.74 31- 3.0742
Column Shear, V in Medium Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)0173.63 97- 94.201 7164.93 45- 82.242 1234.45 46- 97.745 1213.05 19- 98.087 5- 151.48 63
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)1.45173.63 97- 94.201 7164.93 45- 82.242 1234.45 46- 97.745 1213.05 19- 98.087 5- 151.48 63
lSTC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)2.9173.63 97- 94.201 7164.93 45- 82.242 1234.45 46- 97.745 1213.05 19- 98.087 5- 151.48 63
ISTC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)023.617 3411.90 01- 55.946 9175.33 19- 73.110 5244.23 16- 69.111 7246.12 96- 10.519 7
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)1.4523.617 3411.90 01- 55.946 9175.33 19- 73.110 5244.23 16- 69.111 7246.12 96- 10.519 7
1STc34671.5(DL+ EQYP)2.923.617 3411.90 01- 55.946 9175.33 19- 73.110 5244.23 16- 69.111 7246.12 96- 10.519 7
Column Shear, V in Hard Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)0205.54 72- 106.90 31201.49 95- 92.289 9288.66 91- 111.33 02261.36 13- 111.74 82- 182.00 27
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)1.45205.54 72- 106.90 31201.49 95- 92.289 9288.66 91- 111.33 02261.36 13- 111.74 82- 182.00 27'
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQXP)2.9205.54 72- 106.90 31201.49 95- 92.289 9288.66 91- 111.33 02261.36 13- 111.74 82- 182.00 27'
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)021.328 5514.56 01- 69.729 9223.99 57- 89.002 7308.59 71- 85.119310.93 01- 16.931 2
1STC34671.5(DL+ EQYP)1.4521.328 5514.56 01- 69.729 9223.99 57- 89.002 7308.59 71- 85.119310.93 01- 16.931 2
1STC3A671.5(DL+ EQYP)2.921.328 5514.56 01- 69.729 9223.99 57- 89.002 7308.59 71- 85.119310.93 01- 16.931 2
Table 8488: Table 8: Column Torsion, T for structures with the load combination 1.5 (DL+EQXP) & 1.5 (DL+EQYP), All value in "kN-m"
Column Torsion, T in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station'm"T""T""T""T""T"
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0-52.0172-36.6355-56.0881-52.909-54.7871
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)1.45-52.0172-36.6355-56.0881-52.909-54.7871
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)2.9-52.0172-36.6355-56.0881-52.909-54.7871
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)056.647839.971861.128657.703560.7221
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)1.4556.647839.971861.128657.703560.7221
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)2.956.647839.971861.128657.703560.7221
Column Torsion, T in Medium Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0-70.743-49.7861-76.2378-76.3444-74.4626
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)1.45-70.743-49.7861-76.2378-76.3444-74.4626
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)2.9-70.743-49.7861-76.2378-76.3444-74.4626
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)077.041454.399983.176983.356682.6299
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)1.4577.041454.399983.176983.356682.6299
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)2.977.041454.399983.176983.356682.6299
Column Torsion, T in Hard Soil
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0-86.8679-61.1102-93.589-93.7234-91.4055
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)1.45-86.8679-61.1102-93.589-93.7234-91.4055
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)2.9-86.8679-61.1102-93.589-93.7234-91.4055
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)094.602666.824102.1629102.3801101.4949
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)1.4594.602666.824102.1629102.3801101.4949
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)2.994.602666.824102.1629102.3801101.4949
Table 8487: Table 9: Column Axial Force, P for structures with the load Cases EQXP & EQYP, All value in "kN"
Column Axial Force, P in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station)m"P""P""P""P""P"
1STC3467EQXP0-1774.1609-1935.2327-2180.0176-1997.9011-1950.1714
1STC3467EQXP1.45-1774.1609-1935.2327-2180.0176-1997.9011-1950.1714
1STC3467EQXP2.9-1774.1609-1935.2327-2180.0176-1997.9011-1950.1714
1STC3467EQYP0-1323.8079-1094.5008-1194.8361-1134.2601-1152.661
1STC3467EQYP1.45-1323.8079-1094.5008-1194.8361-1134.2601-1152.661
1STC3467EQYP2.9-1323.8079-1094.5008-1194.8361-1134.2601-1152.661
Column Axial Force, P in Medium Soil
1STC3467EQXP0-2412.8589-2631.9165-2964.824-2885.2394-2652.2331
1STC3467EQXP1.45-2412.8589-2631.9165-2964.824-2885.2394-2652.2331
1STC3467EQXP2.9-2412.8589-2631.9165-2964.824-2885.2394-2652.2331
1STC3467EQYP0-1800.3788-1488.5211-1624.9771-1637.9951-1567.6189
1STC3467EQYP1.45-1800.3788-1488.5211-1624.9771-1637.9951-1567.6189
1STC3467EQYP2.9-1800.3788-1488.5211-1624.9771-1637.9951-1567.6189
Column Axial Force, P in Hard Soil
1STC3467EQXP0-2962.8488-3231.8386-3640.6295-3542.9042-3256.7862
1STC3467EQXP1.45-2962.8488-3231.8386-3640.6295-3542.9042-3256.7862
1STC3467EQXP2.9-2962.8488-3231.8386-3640.6295-3542.9042-3256.7862
1STC3467EQYP0-2210.7593-1827.8164-1995.3763-2011.3616-1924.9438
1STC3467EQYP1.45-2210.7593-1827.8164-1995.3763-2011.3616-1924.9438
1STC3467EQYP2.9-2210.7593-1827.8164-1995.3763-2011.3616-1924.9438
Table 8486: Table 10: Column Moment, M for structures with the load Cases EQXP & EQYP, All value in "kN-m"
Column Moment, M in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruc t V
"Story""Column""Unique- Name""Load Case- Combo""Station"m"M2""M3""M2""M3""M2""M3""M2""M3""M2""M3"
1STC3467EQXP0-158.5935810.312 8- 104.427 2927.618 4- 171.27 251242.67 79- 161.3631109. 5618- 168.5 048826.4 492
1STC3467EQXP1.45-118.987710.816 2- 73.0951813.598 6- 128.91 041073.62 19- 121.236 7967.6 594- 127.5 574731.2 906
1STC3467EQXP2.9-79.3805611.319 7-41.763699.578 8- 86.548 4904.566- 81.1104825.7 569- 86.60 99636.1 319
1STC3467EQYP01484.394 1-26.503893.976 6-68.8371054.1 309- 86.0128999.992 5- 81.43 951018. 7804- 45.70 12
1STC3467EQYP1.451164.271 4-19.366742.229 1- 25.8578- 36.4563- 36.4563- 34.42 38- 793.7 946- 25.70 85
1STC3467EQYP2.9844.1487-12.229590.481 717.1215652.71 1613.1002619.319 312.59 2568.8 088- 5.715 8
Column Moment, M in Medium Soil
1STC3467EQXP0- 215.68711102.02 54- 142.020 91261.56 1- 232.93 061690.04 19- 232.975 41602.0 199- 229.16 661123.971
1STC3467EQXP1.45- 161.8223966.710 1- 99.40931106.49 41- 175.31 821460.12 58- 175.042 31397.1 465- 173.47 8994. 5552
1STC3467EQXP2.9- 107.9575831.394 8- 56.7977951.427 1- 117.70 581230.20 98- 117.109 31192.2 73- 117.78 95865. 1394
1STC3467EQYP02018.776- 36.04411215.80 81- 93.61831433.6 18- 116.977 51443.86 61- 117.58 731385.5 413- 62.1 537
1STC3467EQYP1.451583.409 1- 26.33781009.43 16- 35.16661160.6 529- 49.5806- 49.702 6- 49.702 51079.5 607- 34.9 636
1STC3467EQYP2.91148.042 2- 16.6314803.055 123.2852887.68 7817.8162894.245 918.182 2773.58- 7.77 35
Column Moment, M in Hard Soil
1STC3467EQXP0- 264.85111353.22 23- 174.393 41549.12 27- 286.02 512075.27 21-286.081967.1 862- 281.40 311380.170 2
1STC3467EQXP1.45- 198.70831187.06 31- 122.068 81358.70 96- 215.28 041792.94 86- 214.941 71715.6 137- 213.02 081221.255 3
1STC3467EQXP2.9- 132.56551020.90 39- 69.74431168.29 65- 144.53 581510.62 52- 143.803 31464.0 411- 144.63 861062.340 3
1STC3467EQYP02478.938 1-44.261492.94 09- 114.957 81760.3 985- 143,641 41772.98 27- 144.39 031701.3 633- 76.3 21
1STC3467EQYP1.451944.333 2- 32.34121239.52 26- 43.18251425.2 135- 60.88211435.53 2- 61.031 81325.6 37- 42.9 332
1STC3467EQYP2.91409.728 3- 20.4224986.104 428.59291090.0 28421.87731098.08 1322.326 7949.91 07- 9.54 54
Table 8485: Table 11: Column Shear, V for structures with the load Cases EQXP & EQYP, All value in "kN"
Column Shear, V in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station'm"V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3""V2""V3"
1STC3467EQXP068.6183-27.314878.6344-21.6083116.590 3-29.215297.8638-27.673365.62 67-28.2396
1STC3467EQXP1.4568.6183-27.314878.6344-21.6083116.590 3-29.215297.8638-27.673365.62 67-28.2396
1STC3466EQXP2.968.6183-27.314878.6344-21.6083116.590 3-29.215297.8638-27.673365.62 67-28.2396
1STC3465EQYP0-4.9221220.774 3-29.6409104.653 4-34.1769138.420 4-32.4246131.2666-13.78 81155.162 6
1STC3467EQYP1.45-4.9221220.774 3-29.6409104.653 4-34.1769138.420 4-32.4246131.2666-13.78 81155.162 6
1ST C3467EQYP2.9-4.9221220.774 3-29.6409104.653 4-34.1769138.420 4-32.4246131.2666-13.78 81155.162 6
Column Shear, V in Medium Soil
1STC3467EQXP093.3209-37.1481106.942 7-29.3873158.562 8-39.7327141.292-39.953889.2523-38.4059
1STC3467EQXP1.4593.3209-37.1481106.942 7-29.3873158.562 8-39.7327141.292-39.953889.2523-38.4059
1STC34C7EQXP2.993.3209-37.1481106.942 7-29.3873158.562 8-39.7327141.292-39.953889.2523-38.4059
1STC34B7EQYP0-6.694300.253-40.3116142.328 6-46.4806188.251 8-46.8171189.524 2-18.7518211.021 2
1STC3467EQYP1.45-6.694300.253-40.3116142.328 6-46.4806188.251 8-46.8171189.524 2-18.7518211.021 2
1STC3367EQYP2.9-6.694300.253-40.3116142.328 6-46.4806188.251 8-46.8171189.524 2-18.7518211.021 2
Column Shear, V in Hard Soil
1STC3467EQXP0114.592 6-45.6157131.319 4-36.0859194.705 8-48.7894173.498 3-49.0609109.596 5-47.1602
1STC3467EQXP1.45114.592 6-45.6157131.319 4-36.0859194.705 8-48.7894173.498 3-49.0609109.596 5-47.1602
1 STC3467EQXP2.9114.592 6-45.6157131.319 4-36.0859194.705 8-48.7894173.498 3-49.0609109.596 5-47.1602
1(ST)C3467EQYP0-8.2199368.693-49.5002174.771 2-57.0754231.162 1-57.4886232.724 6-23.0261259.121 6
1STC3467EQYP1.45-8.2199368.693-49.5002174.771 2-57.0754231.162 1-57.4886232.724 6-23.0261259.121 6
1STC 3467EQYP2.9-8.2199368.693-49.5002174.771 2-57.0754231.162 1-57.4886232.724 6-23.0261259.121 6
Table 8484: Table 12: Column Torsion, T for structures with the load Cases EQXP & EQYP, All value in "kN-m"
Column Torsion, T in Soft SoilStruct IStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station'm"T""T""T""T""T"
1STC3467EQXP0-34.6774-24.353-37.3143-35.2051-36.4362
1STC3467EQXP1.45-34.6774-24.353-37.3143-35.2051-36.4362
1STC3467EQXP2.9-34.6774-24.353-37.3143-35.2051-36.4362
1STC3467EQYP037.76626.718640.830138.536540.5699
1STC3467EQYP1.4537.76626.718640.830138.536540.5699
1STC3467EQYP2.937.76626.718640.830138.536540.5699
Column Torsion, T in Medium Soil
1STC3467EQXP0-47.1612-33.12-50.7475-50.8287-49.5533
1STC3467EQXP1.45-47.1612-33.12-50.7475-50.8287-49.5533
1STC3467EQXP2.9-47.1612-33.12-50.7475-50.8287-49.5533
1STC3467EQYP051.361736.337355.52955.638655.1751
1STC3467EQYP1.4551.361736.337355.52955.638655.1751
1STC3467EQYP2.951.361736.337355.52955.638655.1751
Column Torsion, T in Hard Soil
1STC3467EQXP0-57.9112-40.6695-62.315-62.4147-60.8485
1STC3467EQXP1.45-57.9112-40.6695-62.315-62.4147-60.8485
1STC3467EQXP2.9-57.9112-40.6695-62.315-62.4147-60.8485
1STC3467EQYP063.069244.6268.186368.32167.7517
1STC3467EQYP1.4563.069244.6268.186368.32167.7517
1STC3467EQYP2.963.069244.6268.186368.32167.7517
Modal Load Participation RatiosStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruct V
"Case""Item Type""Item""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic"
%%%%%%%%%%
ModalAccelerationUX99.8286.7199.9994.799.9894.5999.9994.5499.9791.54
ModalAccelerationUY99.7987.4699.9891.4699.9791.8599.9791.8399.9792.51
ModalAccelerationUZ0000000000
Modal Load Participation RatiosStruct IStruct IStruct IIStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct IVStruct VStruct V
"Case""Item Type""Item""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic""Static""Dynamic"
%%%%%%%%%%
ModalAccelerationUX99.8286.7199.9994.799.9894.5999.9994.5499.9791.54
ModalAccelerationUY99.7987.4699.9891.4699.9791.8599.9791.8399.9792.51
ModalAccelerationUZ0000000000

Graph 1: Modal Load Participation Ratios of Structures
Table 8481: Table 14: Modal Periods and Frequencies
Struct IStruct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
CaseModePeriodFrequencyPeriodFrequencyPeriodFrequencyPeriodFrequencyPeriodFrequency
seccyc/secseccyc/secseccyc/secseccyc/secseccyc/sec
Modal16.2980.1595.7850.1736.4150.1566.3750.1576.3820.157
Modal26.2480.165.6060.1786.320.1586.210.1615.6940.176
Modal35.5450.184.6840.2135.7670.1735.7920.1735.6420.177
Modal42.0620.4851.7010.5882.1140.4732.1020.4762.0880.479
Modal51.9520.5121.5470.6461.9580.5111.9010.5261.5650.639
Modal61.6030.6241.4750.6781.5680.6381.5750.6351.5240.656
Modal71.1910.840.91.1121.2190.821.2120.8251.190.84
Modal81.0270.9740.8381.1931.0280.9720.9831.0170.7911.264
Modal90.8031.2450.6451.5510.821.220.8151.2260.7111.406
Modal100.7821.2790.6131.6320.7111.4060.7141.4010.7031.423
Modal110.6451.550.52.0020.6411.560.6041.6560.5651.769
Modal120.5811.720.452.2220.5921.6890.5891.6970.4232.363

Graph 2: Modal Periods and Frequencies

Graph 3: Modal Frequencies
Table 8480: Table 15: Compared of column axial forces in soft soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column axial forces "P"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case- Combo""Station"m"P""P""P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.90%2%1%1%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-2%-1%-1%-1%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.91%2%1%1%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-2%-1%-1%-1%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.98%19%11%9%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.9-21%-11%-17%-15%
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P""P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.91%2%2%1%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-2%-1%-1%-1%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.91%3%2%1%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-2%-1%-1%-1%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.98%19%16%9%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.9-21%-11%-10%-15%
Table 8479: Table 17: Compared of column axial forces in hard soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column axial forces "P"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P""P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.91%3%2%1%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-2%-1%-1%-1%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.91%4%3%2%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-3%-1%-1%-2%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.98%19%16%9%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.9-21%-11%-10%-15%
Table 8478: Table 18: Compared of column moment in soft soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column moment forces "M"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M""M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9564%4%-5%4%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-54%-35%-42%-46%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-54%4%-1%4%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-62%-39%-47%-47%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.90%45%41%44%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.90%13%8%5%
Table 8477: Table 19: Compared of column moment in medium soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column moment forces "M"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M""M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-187%5%5%5%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-55%-35%-34%-46%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-55%5%5%4%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-62%-39%-38%-47%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.90%45%45%44%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.90%13%13%5%
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M""M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-127%6%5%5%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-55%-35%-34%-46%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-55%6%6%5%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-62%-39%-38%-47%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.90%45%45%44%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.90%13%13%5%
Table 8476: Table 21: Compared of column shear in soft soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column shear forces "V"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V""V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1,45,2.9-17%14%1%-20%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1,45,2.9215%175%191%-599%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1,45,2.9-12%20%8%-18%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1,45,2.9166%148%155%955%
1STC3467EQXP0,1,45,2.913%41%30%-5%
1STC3467EQYP0,1,45,2.983%86%85%64%
Table 8475: Table 22: Compared of column shear in medium soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column shear forces "V"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V""V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1,45,2.9-10%21%14%-17%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1,45,2.9173%152%157%2154%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1,45,2.9-5%26%18%-15%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1,45,2.9142%132%134%325%
1STC3467EQXP0,1,45,2.913%41%34%-5%
1STC3467EQYP0,1,45,2.983%86%86%64%
Table 8474: Table 23: Compared of column shear in hard soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column shear forces "V"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V""V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-6%25%18%-15%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9154%140%143%521%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-2%29%21%-13%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9131%124%125%226%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.913%41%34%-5%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.983%86%86%64%
Table 8473: Table 24: Compared of column torsion in soft soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column torsion forces "T"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T""T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%2%5%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%2%7%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%2%5%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%2%7%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.9-42%7%1%5%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.9-41%8%2%7%
Table 8472: Table 25: Compared of column torsion in medium soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column torsion forces "T"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T""T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%7%5%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%8%7%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%7%5%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%8%7%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.9-42%7%7%5%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.9-41%8%8%7%
Table 8471: Table 26: Compared of column torsion in hard soil of structures II, III, IV, V with structure I
Column torsion forces "T"Struct IIStruct IIIStruct IVStruct V
"Story""Column""Unique - Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T""T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%7%5%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%8%7%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%7%5%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-42%7%8%7%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.9-42%7%7%5%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.9-41%8%8%7%
Table 8470: Table 27: Compared of column axial forces of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -I
Column Axial Forces "P""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique- Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.93%6%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.92%4%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.94%7%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.93%5%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8469: Table 28: Compared of column axial forces of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -II
Column Axial Forces "P""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.93%6%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.92%4%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.94%7%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.92%4%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8468: Table 29: Compared of column axial forces of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -III
Column Axial Forces "P""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.94%7%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.92%4%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.94%8%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.93%5%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8467: Table 30: Compared of column axial forces of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -IV
Column Axial Forces "P""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique- Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.94%7%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.93%4%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.95%8%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.93%5%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.931%44%
Table 8466: Table 31: Compared of column axial forces of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -V
Column Axial Forces "P""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"P""P"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.93%6%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.92%4%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.94%7%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.93%5%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8465: Table 32: Compared of column moment of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -I
Column Moment Forces "M""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.920%32%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-7%-14%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.921%34%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9-11%-23%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8464: Table 33: Compared of column moment of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -II
Column Moment Forces "M""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.925%38%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.932%46%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%39%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.929%43%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8463: Table 34: Compared of column moment of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -III
Column Moment Forces "M""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.927%40%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.927%41%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.925%39%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8462: Table 35: Compared of column moment of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -IV
Column Moment Forces "M""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.930%43%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.933%46%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.931%43%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.931%44%
Table 8461: Table 36: Compared of column moment of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -V
Column Moment Forces "M""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"M""M"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.922%35%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.9415%169%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.923%36%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.971%82%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8460: Table 37: Compared of column shear of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -I
Column Shear Forces "V""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.930%44%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.929%42%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8459: Table 38: Compared of column shear of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -II
Column Shear Forces "V""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.956%61%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.940%52%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8458: Table 39: Compared of column shear of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -III
Column Shear Forces "V""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.931%45%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.929%43%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8457: Table 40: Compared of column shear of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -IV
Column Shear Forces "V""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.936%48%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.931%43%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.934%47%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.931%43%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.931%44%
Table 8456: Table 41: Compared of column shear of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -V
Column Shear Forces "V""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"V""V"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.930%44%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.929%43%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8455: Table 42: Compared of column torsion of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -I
Column Torsion Forces "T""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.90%0%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8454: Table 43: Compared of column torsion of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -II
Column Torsion Forces "T""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.927%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.927%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8453: Table 44: Compared of column torsion of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -III
Column Torsion Forces "T""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.927%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.927%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%
Table 8452: Table 45: Compared of column torsion of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -IV
Column Torsion Forces "T""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.931%44%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.931%44%
Table 8451: Table 46: Compared of column torsion of medium soil and hard soil with soft soil for Structure -V
Column Torsion Forces "T""Medium soil""Hard soil"
"Story""Column""Unique-Name""Load Case-Combo""Station"m"T""T"
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.2(DL+LL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.927%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQXP)0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC34671.5(DL+EQYP)0,1.45,2.927%40%
1STC3467EQXP0,1.45,2.926%40%
1STC3467EQYP0,1.45,2.926%40%

a) Discussion on Results

When a structure is subjected to earthquake, it responds by vibrating. An example force can be resolved into three mutually perpendicular directions: two horizontal directions (X and Y directions) and the vertical direction (Z) [8]. This motion causes the structure to vibrate or shake in all three directions; the predominant direction of shaking is horizontal. All the structures are primarily designed for gravity loads-force equal to mass time's gravity in the vertical direction. Vertical acceleration should also be considered in structures with large spans those in which stability for design, or for overall stability analysis of structures. The basic intent of design theory for earthquake resistant structures is that buildings should be able to resist minor earthquakes without damage, resist moderate earthquakes without structural damage but with some non-structural damage. To avoid collapse during a major earthquake, Members must be ductile enough to absorb and dissipate energy by post elastic deformation. Redundancy in the structural system permits redistribution of internal forces in the event of the failure of key elements. When the primary element or system yields or fails, the lateral force can be redistributed to a secondary system to prevent progressive failure.

When a structure is subjected to an earthquake excitation, it interacts with the foundation and the soil, and thus changes the motion of the ground[2,8]. This means that the movement of the whole ground-structure system is influenced by the type of soil as well as by the type of structure. Understanding of soil structure interaction will enable the designer to design structures that will behave better during an earthquake.

V. CONCLUSIONS

From the above results and discussions, following conclusions can be drawn:

  • The shear wall and it is position has a significant influenced on the time period, the time period is not influenced by the type of soil, in tall building with box shape Shear Walls is showing the low time period which shows a very significant performance.
  • Shear is effected marginally by placing of the shear wall, grouping of shear wall and type of soil. The shear is increased by adding shear wall due to increase the seismic weight of the building.
  • The Axial force and Moment in the column increases when the type of soil changes from hard to medium and medium to soft. Since the column moment increase as the soil type changes, soil structure interaction must be suitably considered while designing frames for seismic force.
  • It is evident that the maximum column axial force is various with type of soil and placing of the shear wall.
  • It is evident that the maximum column shear force in X-direction is influenced by the type of soil and placing of the shear wall.
  • It is evident that the maximum column shear force in Y-direction has no influence on the type of soil and placing shear wall.
  • It is evident that the maximum column torsion is same for all columns in a structure, but is influenced by the type of soil and placing shear wall.
  • It is evident that the maximum column moment in X-direction has no influence on the type of soil and placing shear wall.
  • It is evident that the maximum column moment in Y-direction is influenced by the type of soil and placing of shear wall.
  • It is evident that the results from 1.2 (DL + IL ± EL) combination load is closed to the 1.5 (DL + EL) and there is no more difference between these combination load.
  • Based on the analysis and discussion, shear wall are very much suitable for resisting earthquake induced lateral forces in multistoried structural systems when compared to multistoried structural systems whit out shear walls. They can be made to behave in a ductile manner by adopting proper detailing techniques.
  • According to IS-1893:2002 the number of modes to be used in the analysis should be such that the total sum of modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90 percent of the total seismic mass. Here the maximum mass is for the tall building with box shape RC shear wall.
  • ETABS is the robust software which is utilized for analyzing any kind of multi building structures.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Conflict of Interest

The author declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.

References

13 Cites in Article
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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Mahdi Hosseini. 2026. "Effect of Seismic Load on Column Forces in RC Structures by Response Spectrum Analysis". Global Journal of Research in Engineering - E: Civil & Structural GJRE-E Volume 23 (GJRE Volume 23 Issue E3).

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A detailed study on how seismic loads impact reinforced concrete structures using spectrum analysis techniques.
Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjre

Print ISSN 0975-5861

e-ISSN 2249-4596

Keywords
Classification
GJRE-E Classification FOR Code: 0905
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date
November 23, 2023

Language
English
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Effect of Seismic Load on Column Forces in RC Structures by Response Spectrum Analysis

Mahdi Hosseini
Mahdi Hosseini Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210037