Research
Zoning Mashhad Watershed for Artificial Recharge of Underground Aquifers using TOPSIS Model and GIS Technique
In recent years, coincide with population growth and industrial expansion, in many countries in the world,Extract water of underground sources expanded and annual withdrawal of ground water is higher than the annual feeding. This means extracting and using the water in layers that has been saved over thousands of years in the underground. Consequently groundwater levels in the area will be extracted every day and eventually drop where the water will not exist. While proper management and control of these resources will eliminate the problems of drop in water level. One way to managing groundwater resources is artificial recharge of groundwater and determine suitable locations for these purpose. growth and development trend of Mashhad city and excessive Extracting of ground water in recent years, has been essential groundwater resources management strategy in the region more than ever implied. The purpose of this study is Zoning Mashhad watershed for artificial recharge of underground aquifers using TOPSIS Model and GIS technique. TOPSIS algorithm is a Multi Criteria Decision Making, a type of compensatory model and an adaptable subgroup with strong ability to solve multi alternative problems because of having ability to overlap indicators in weak and power points . In this model, if quantitative criteria can change in to qualitative criteria, qualitative criteria can be used besides quantitative criteria. In aforementioned model, it is supposed that each indicator and criterion has steady increasing and decreasing utility in decision making matrix; it means if criteria gain more positive amount, they will be more appropriate, on the contrary the more negative amount, the less appropriate. The result and findings of different studies show that in TOPSIS method, zone 3 with (0/669) point promotes in first rank among 5 studied zones and thus it is the most appropriate zone to establish the proper area for artificial recharge of underground aquifers , in contrast zone 1
Application of AHP Model in Selection of Most Appropriate Area to Establish Soil Damp for Artificial Recharge of Underground Aquifers (Case Study: Tabas Basin)
In recent years, water exploitation has become greater for many reasons such as population growth, industrial development, urbanization growth and consequently increased demand for food products. Hence the rate of exploitation and consumption ground water become greater than recharge of them, in other words input of ground water system is less than its output and system with negative balance sheet has positive feedback and it is collapsing. Thus it is very significant to determine the suitable position for Artificial Recharge of ground water. One of the management methods for water resources is Multi Criteria Decision Making. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a structured technique for dealing with complex decisions that was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1980 year. It provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions. The base of this model is comparing variables by pair wise by Matrix relationship. In this way, pair wise of the effective variables on the concrete Pavement were considered and based on relative weights the output was extent. In the present research, combination of Indexing system Method with Analytical Hierarchy Process has been applied to assess the Selection of most appropriate area to establish soil damp for artificial recharge of underground aquifers. The findings of the research show that zone 3 with 0/3606 points promotes in first rank among 5 studied zones and thus it is the most appropriate zone for Artificial Recharge of ground waters, in contrast zone 5 with 0/1731 point goes down to the last rank and so it isn`t suitable for Artificial Recharge and zones (2,4,1) are located in next ranks.
Study of Locating Fire Stations using Linear Assignment Method : Case Study Maku City
Today, excess density of population in city and it is increasing growth in bulk is led to demand and attention to urban development. Demand for urban development is one of the most important issues against human in future. Therefore, to solve this problem and obstacles, safety system of city should be developed along this to cover whole city. The most important problem about the services of fire stations is the inappropriate distribution of stations and restricted function area of present stations. So, qualities and quantities distribution of stations is investigated scientifically and professionally. Using traditional methods planning fire stations for services mean wasting papers and time, but today, using GIS serves as a tool to create proper and effective database.
Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Prioritize of Concrete Pavement
The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a structured technique for dealing with complex decisions that was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1980 year. It provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions. The base of this model is comparing variables by pair wise by Matrix relationship. In this way, pair wise of the effective variables on the concrete Pavement were considered and based on relative weights the output was extent.
Selection of most appropriate area to establish soil damp for the purpose of sustainable development of water resources using TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods ( A case study: Zarand-Saveh watershed)
Nowadays, shortage and decrease in fresh water is approximately under increased all over the world. Based on the statistics published by FAO (Food and Agriculture organization), need for fresh water has almost become double per 21 years, while useful water resources have been reduced by half in relation to 30 years ago. It seems that useful water resources will become one fourth up to 2025 than useful water resources in 1960. Meanwhile, danger of various pollutions for water resources frequently increased the value and importance of them. Due to mentioned cases, if water resources aren’t managed in better way, the life of human being will be threatened by the shortage of water. Thus, it is necessary to acquire the exact and up to date information about the condition of water resources and prediction of their situation in future in order to achieve optimum management for water resources.
Zoning Zarand-Saveh watershed for artificial recharge of underground aquifers using ELECTRE method and Linear Assignment with GIS technique
In previous decades, decision making in water management problems and selection of better option among suggested options to solve a watershed problems was only done based on economical criteria - profit in relation to cost- and on changing social and environmental criteria in to the economical criterion. However, today using Multi criteria decision making, it is not necessary to use financial equivalent of social and environmental criteria to select the best option. In fact, various qualitative and quantitative criteria can be used to prioritize and select the best options for water resources management. The purpose of this study is ranking the water resources potential in Zarand-Saveh watershed by two methods; ELECTRE method and Linear Assignment. ELECTRE method is one of the Multi criteria decision making which can compound the quantitative and qualitative criteria, weight each criterion based on its importance and help decision makers to select the best option at the same time. Electrical method is one of the available methods in compensatory methods. In this method, all options are analyzed and evaluated by non-ranked comparisons. Whole stages of this method are based on coordinated and uncoordinated sets and thus it is called ‘‘coordination analysis’’.
