Research
How Board Structure Influences the Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy of the Firm? Pakistanas Perspective
The aim of this working paper is to identify the board structure types and variables that affect the corporate social responsibility strategy of the organizations. The main and core four types of board structures and determinants of corporate social responsibility strategy of the organizations have been identified in this working paper after studying and examining 35 research articles written by eminent scholars. These four types of board structure are: (1) having female directors on the board of directors greatly affects the corporate social responsibility strategy of the firms and such types of firms are appeared to be more philanthropic. (2) Outside or independent directors on board of directors also a major component in determining the organization’s corporate social responsibility strategy. (3) Tenure of directors also has positive effects on determination of corporate social responsibility strategy of the organizations and (4) Board size also plays an important role in planning and development of organization’s corporate social responsibility strategy. The other small variables and components of board structure also identified by the scholars but the main four are mentioned above. Substantial research gap exists for examining the affects of board composition and board structure in determining the corporate social responsibility strategy in the private and pubic sector organizations of Pakistan.
Impact Of Financial Rewards On Employeeas Motivation And Satisfaction In Pharmaceutical Industry, Pakistan
Employees are considered as the human capital of any organization. If employees are motivated and satisfied they will perform their duties diligently and actively. In this research article, data of 186 employees working in Pharmaceutical industry is analyzed. The results indicated gender-wise and age-wise comparison of motivation & satisfaction of employees with respect to salary and position. Hypotheses developed to find relationship between financial rewards, motivation and satisfaction of employees. A positive relationship found between financial rewards, motivation and satisfaction. Overall results indicate employees working in Pharmaceutical industry are being offered good financial rewards. They are motivation in performing their duties and satisfied with their salary and job position.
Working Capital Management: Is It Really Affects the Profitability? Evidence from Pakistan
Firm’s financial management policies compose ofvery important decisions including working capital management. Working Capital of a firm comprises on current assets. Current assets are cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventory items of a firm. Working Capital Management is applying Investment and Financing Decisions to Current Assets. Most of the researchers found a positive impact of working capital management decisions on profitability of organizations. It directly affects the liquidity and profitability of the firm. In this research article, 15 research papers of different scholars have been studied and compared. The results showed impact of working capital on profitability and supported the hypotheses.
