Research
Role of Antenatal Screening for Congenital Anomalies by Grey Scale Ultrasound to Reduce the Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity
Objective: Objective of this study was to reduce the perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with congenital anomalies by antenatal detection on grey scale ultrasound and finding their relative distribution, frequency and risk factors. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: We conducted this prospective study at the Radiology department of MINAR cancer hospital Multan. All Women with congenital anomalies detected on antenatal ultrasound (USG) were included in the study. Data collected on predesigned Performa was analyzed statistically. Results: 3098 pregnant patients reported for grey scale ultrasound (USG) during the study period. Gross fetal anomalies were detected in 76 patients making the prevalence of 2.38%. The mean age and SD of patients were 25.8 years ±5.24 while the mean gestational age of the patients was 26.8weeks with SD ± 6.438. The anomalies involving the Central nervous system (CNS) were the most common of all (48.6%) followed by those of the genitourinary system (GUS) forming 13.5%. We detected twelve patients with major type of fetal anomalies seems to be non compatible with life whom we recommended for termination of pregnancy.
Prevalence of Cervical Cancer in Developing Country: Pakistan
Objective: To find the prevalence of cervical carcinoma as seen at Multan Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR), Pakistan. Methodology: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Multan instituite or Nuclear Medicine and radiotherapy (MINAR) for a period of five years. The clinical records of all patients diagnosed with carcinoma of the cervix were reviewed with regard to sociodemographic and reproductive parameters. Frequency of Ca -cervix and stage of disease at the time of presentation were recorded. The data was collected on pre-designed Performa and analysed Statistically. Results: There were a total of 537 cases presented at MINAR during the study period. Presenting symptoms (PS) were irregular vaginal bleeding (IVB) in 78% patients including intermenstrual (IMB), post menopausal bleeding (PMB), epimenohrea and post coital bleeding (PCB). Vaginal discharge was PS in 29% while pelvic pain was PS in only 3% patients. Squamous cell carcinoma corresponds to 460 (86.5%), adeno carcinoma to 55 (10.8%) cases and Poorly differentiated/other rare Tumours 22 (4%). Only 102(19%) cases were in Stage Ib, while 247 (46%) were in Stages IIa and Stage IIb respectively, 118 (22%) cases were in Stages IIIa and Stage IIIb whilst 57 (10.8%) cases were in advanced stage (1V).
