Research
Multi detector 3D Computed tomography in the Diagnosis of Paragangilioma: A Case Report
This report describes a case of 45-year-old female with carotid body paraganglioma. This study was conducted in May 2014. CT scanning was performed using high-resolution techniques .The 3D Volume-Rendering reconstructions provided a selective visualization of the anatomic relationships among carotid body tumors, vessels, and surrounding osseous structures with excellent details. Both tumors were suggested to be treated surgically with histological analysis.
Establishment of Reference Values for Renal Length and Volume for Normal Adult Sudanese using MRI Disc Summation Method
Knowledge of kidney character is important for clinical assessments of renal diseases. The aims of this study were to establish a normal range of values for kidney length and volume in normal Sudanese adults with no known history of renal disease and to determine the usefulness of body mass index (BMI), Body surface area (BSA), Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Total body water (TBW),Creatinine Clearance(Crcl), Serum Creatinine Level(Scr) for prediction of kidney characters. 98 consecutive patients (43 females; 55 males) who had undergone axial T1, T2 weighted abdominal MRI images, were obtained during the period from June 2012 to June 2013 for indications other than renal diseases. Excluded patients were those who had renal cysts, hydronephrosis, and congenital kidney diseases .Detailed demographic information of the sample wererecorded. The kidneys volume and length were measured using Disc Summation Method and the relations between the variables were studied. The study showed that the kidneys length measured for normal Sudanese subjects were 10.08±0.46, 10.67±0.47 and the volumes were 101.6±12.98, 104.0±12.99 for right and left kidneys respectively, and it differed from other population. There were significant differences between males and females measurements and the correlation was significant between kidneys length and volume with BMI, TBW and subjects height. New equations were established to measure the kidneys length and volume. Our study confirmed that there was significant relation between the CrCl, GFR, and serum creatinine level with BSA, BMI, TBW, weight, gender and age and revealed that the kidney volume predicted the renal function significantly at p=0.005, for SCr p-value=0.056, 0.007, CrCl pvalue= 0.054, 0.043 and GFR p value= 0.051, 0.59 for right and left kidneys volume. MRI measurements using disc summation method for renal volume and length were accurate and a reference values were established for adult Sudanese subjects and were well corre
Estimation of age for Sudanese adults using Orthopantomographs
Background: Radiology plays an important role in human age determination. Radiological images are utilized in the process of age estimation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of Orthopantomgraphs (OPGs) in the assessment of the Sudanese adult age compared to chronological age. Materials and Methods: The study was obtained in Mursi Medical Center from the period of January to August 2011. The OPGs of 99 Sudanese individuals of both gender (49male and50 female) with known chronological age, ranging from 15 to 30 years, were selected .The pulp –root length ,root length, pulp/root ratio , total tooth length ,crown length of the mandibular canine were measured in mm and the estimated age was recorded using the mandibuler canine measuremen ts. Patients were classified into three groups ,A was of age <20 years old ,B was of 20 to 27 and C was of age >27. Results: the estimated age in A and C groups were well correlated with the chronological age in both genders and no significant difference was detected, but in B group there is a significant difference between the estimated and chronological age and between males and females measurements. Mandibular canine measurements can be used significantly in ages < 20and > 27, but cannot give the exact age for ages between 20 to 27 for Sudanese adult subjects.
Evaluation of Lumber Lordotic Angle in Patients with Inter Vertebral Disc Prolapse using Cobbs Method
This study was done to evaluate the lumbar lordotic angle (LLA) in patients with inter vertebral disc prolapse examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Cobb’s method. This study was conducted at Antalya Medical center and Elnilin Medical Center and extended from November 2012 up to March 2013. Total sample of 62 Sudanese subjects were included in the study, with ages ranging between (24-80 years), 50 of the total sample were 25 males and 25 females underwent MR lumbar scan and were diagnosed to have inter vertebral disc prolapse at different vertebral levels, the remaining 12 were diagnosed as normal lumbar spine and they were considered as control group. Measurement of (LLA) was done from the mid-sagittal slice of T2 MRI lumbar spine using Cobb’s method; by drawing a perpendicular line to a line drawn across the superior endplate of first lumbar vertebra and the superior endplate of first sacral vertebra; the angle formed by the intersection of the two perpendicular lines is the Cobb angle or lumbar lordotic angle. The Cobb angle and inter vertebral disc prolapse level were then correlated with Gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and jobs to demonstrate if there is any degree of association. The study concluded that Cobb angle and Disc prolapse levels have no significant relation with job, height, weight, age and BMI, no significant difference was detected between Cobb angle of the normal subjects and patients with prolapsed disc and the results did not differ among male and female patients. Using MRI in the detection of vertebral morphological changes and end plates degeneration is recommended since it involves no ionizing radiation and has excellent demarcation of disc prolapse. The dependence upon the Cobb angle in diagnoses of disc prolapse is of no significant value.
Establishment of Local Reference of Spleen Length in Sudanese Normal School Age Children Sonographically
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish a local ultrasonic splenic length which can be used as reference for Sudanese healthy school age children and determine the normal standards spleen length related to gender, age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal circumference. Methods: 215 healthy school-aged children (7–13 years) from city centers were evaluated. Gender, age, weight, height, BMI, and abdominal circumference were determined for each case. The sonographic examination for spleen length performed with a high resolution real time scanner (SSD-500 Aloka Medical System) fitted with a 3.5MHz convex transducer; all of the measured spleens had a normal position, shape, and echo texture. The children were separated into 7groups according to age and were classified to male and female. Results: The mean length of the spleen was found to be 9.5-10.4cm.There was significant difference between the spleen length in male and female (P-value 0.000), the mean length of spleen in female is greater than in male, there is significant relation between spleen length and age ,weight, height, abdomen circumference and BMI Conclusion: The spleen length obtained in this study was in different range of values reported in previous studies and a local reference of spleen length was established. We hope this study contributes to daily clinical practice in ultrasound clinics; the spleen length for interpretation of sonographic examinations for Sudanese school age children.
Characterization of Maxillary Sinus in Patients with Facial Pain using Ultrasound
Objectives: This study dealt with characterization of maxillary sinus in patients with facial pain using ultrasound. Methods: It was carried out on 50 complaint patients of maxillary sinus problems who were referred to the National Center of Ear, Nose, and Throat. The instruments used were; Aloka SSD 500, Honda HS2000 portable with curvilinear probe 3.5MHz, and General ElectricLOGIQ5 Mobile with curvilinear and linear probe (3.5MHz, 10MHz). Results: patients were 27males (54%) and 23 females (46%), their ages ranging between (20-70 years) and the most affected age group was (20-30years). All of them were of maxillary pain (100%), 28 patients (56%) of halitosis, 29 (58%) postnasal drip, 30 (60%), stuffy nose, 27 (54%) fever and 17(34%) with of malaise. All patients were diagnosed previously by computerized tomography( CT )coronal scans, Ultrasounds findings in the maxillary sinuses of the patients were 30% polyps with hypo echoic cavity, 12% fluid with hypo echoic cavity with posterior margin was seen,2% cyst with hypo echoic area with well defined borders,12% mucosal thickening, 38% normal sonographic appearance of hyper echoic anterior wall and cavity and the posterior margins were not seen, 6% polyps mucosal thickening with hypo echoic cavity with echogenic bony walls. Conclusion: It concluded that the ultrasound has an sensitivity of76.6% and spasticity of 92.2% and ultrasound is beneficial in diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathology and could be used as one of the diagnostic imaging modality as it is easy, with no radiation hazards and non invasive.
Characterization of Ascitis using Echo Texture
Objectives: The Purpose of this study is to characterize the asites fluid using echo texture and to compare the findings with laboratory results in order to predict the asctis type by imaging methods for ascitic patients. Methods: 53 Patients who underwent Sonography for ascitis between February 2012 and January 2013 were included in the study.The study was implemented in Wad- Medani Military Hospital, Alia Specialist Hospital- Wad-Madani. Wad-medani Teaching Hospital, National Cancer Institute- Wad-Madani and Omdurman Military Hospital .Gray scale Sonography of the abdomen was performed using Aloka SSD- 500 and Honda SSD-500 with frequency (3.5 MHz) convex probe. The scanning was done on longitudinal and transverse scan for abdomen and pelvis.
Height Difference between Right and Left Hemi Diaphragm in Normal Sudanese Adults using Postero-Anterior Computed Chest Radiography
Diaphragm position and shape on chest radiographs are routinely used as indicators for diseases. Previous population studies were done for normal diaphragm position and shape. The study was done to determine the distance between right and left hemi diaphragm in normal Sudanese adults using digital radiography. The study sample was 100 subjects, 50(50%) were males and 50(50%) were females, with different ages ranged from 18 – 82 years old; all subjects were with normal abdominal ultrasound and normal chest radiographs. The study was done in Fedail hospital in the period from January up to March 2013. The measurements were done on ideal postero anterior (PA) chest radiograph by measuring the difference between the distance from the highest point of right hemi diaphragm and highest point of the left hemi diaphragm. The result showed that the right hemi diaphragm was higher than the left in 98% of total sample and the left was higher in 1% and they were in the same height in 1%.
Characterization of Hippocampus in Epileptic Sudanese Children using MRI
Seizures are the most noticeable clinical manifestations of epilepsy; measurement of the hippocampus on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain has been useful for the assessment of patients with seizures. Therefore this study aimed to diagnose subjects who had developed epilepsy by measuring the RT and LT hippocampus area and volume considering epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, EEG results, T2 signal intensity, treatment, and children ages as well as to correlate the MRI findings with EEG findings. This Study was conducted at Gezira University- MRI Diagnostic center –Khartoum –Sudan during the period from 2010up to2011using Siemens 0.5 Tesla MRI machine. A total of 29 Sudanese children of both genders with clinical history of generalized seizures, and 17 normal children who were selected as control group at different ages were involved in this study. Children with head injury or organic lesion found on MR images were excluded.
