Research
Introduction of Managerialism into University Administration: Erosion of the Collegial Model, Shared Governance, and Academic Tenure
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the erosion of traditional management systems in universities including collegiality, academic freedom, shared governance, and academic tenure and to illustrate how those unique features of higher education were substituted by new management concepts like productivity, revenues, employment flexibility, moderate evaluation of students, pedagogical issues and many others. This paper identifies the characteristics of traditional management university systems, then and based on secondary data illustrates the changes in the higher education context, which were caused by the increase in the number of students and the decrease of public funds that had a great impact on the management systems of the university and led to the erosion of the collegial model including the loss of some if not a large part of academic freedom, professional autonomy, and academic tenure in many cases.
Total Quality Management in Higher Education: Defenders, Opponents, and Attempts for Modifications
The purpose of this paper is to clearly present TQM principles and characteristics initiated by TQM founders and to review the literature that witnesses TQM success as well as failure in higher education and attempts to modify the TQM model to fit the higher education context. The higher education total quality management model and its impact on the university including professional autonomy and scholarly activities are examined in order to study its positive and negative effects.In order to understand TQM principles and its applicability or inapplicability to the higher education context, the TQM principles are studied as developed by the main TQM scholars. The founders of TQM basically initiated it in manufacturing, yet this paper studies this literature in order to give a comprehensive picture of TQM so as to make its principles clear for the sake of studying its implementation in higher education. This paper critically reviews the literature of TQM implementation in higher education, and this literature is divided among scholars who defend TQM in higher educationand scholars who argue that this management system cannot be applied in the public sector, and specifically in higher education.
