Research
Using Urban Sewage Filtration Sludge for Producing Construction Material
Management of sludge produced in urban sewage filtration plants is essential and inevitable due to great volume of water, contamination with pathogens, organic material and high expenses of such filtrations. Purpose of this research is to evaluate the possibility of using urban sewage sludge in producing light concrete. In order to conduct this study, mouldswith dimensions of 15 x 15 x 15 cm were prepared. In each series of production of light concrete samples, dry sludge was taken from Ghods filtration plant and lime was added to the sludge 24 hours before making concrete samples, in order to increase its pH to 12 and destroy microorganisms. Sludge was used at the weight percentages of 0. 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 of the cement , and the produced concretes were tested for pressure resistance after being processed with the moisture caused from perspiration of the blocks at the ages of 7, 28 and 90 days and determination of the specific gravity.
Improvement of Systematic Process in Pharmaceutical Industry Applying Green Productivity On
of green profit system's management it's been settled to notice about analysis of producing processes (producing pills, capsule, syrup), mount of loss and the position of them and amount of energy consume through producing. According to achieved information amount of usage in sources such as (water, electricity and gas) has been measured and compared with indices of ministry of mines and industry. Results show that electricity consumption 75/3 percent, gas consumption was 12/6 percent and medicine and lass 5 percent more than defined indices. Of course there has been found reduction in energy and consumed sources has as brilliant in fluency over production expenses studies has proved green profit system will be really important for the system of production, implementing green profit system in order to lessen loss and using different recycling and reusing will be really effective.
Formulation and Control of Biodegradable Injectable In Situ Gelling System of Levonorgestrel
The aim of this study was to develop a new polymeric gel that used as a contraceptive system.Polymeric gel has been studied extensively for drug delivery systems. In this article, thermal- sensitive poly (DL-lactic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol) - poly (DL-lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA) hydrogel was used as an implantable contraceptive system.Aqueous solution of this copolymer fromed a free flowing so at room temperature and became a gel at body temperature. In this study, the biodegradable copolymer with molecular structure of PLA-PEG-PLA was synthesized and was investigated the sol-gel transition, hydrolytic degradation and In-vitro drug delivery from the system. In the current studyLevonorgestrel was selected as a model contraceptive drug.
Laboratory-scale bioremediation experiments on diesel and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils
Laboratory investigations were performed to estimate the potential of bioslurry for bioremediation of PAHs and TPH-contaminated soil of Azimabad region in the south of Tehran refinery plant. The soil slurry-Sequencing Batch Reactor (SS-SBR) consisted of covered 8L Plexiglas vessel with a working volume of 6L. The reactor was equipped with a 400 rpm speed mixer. Oxygen was supplied through a fine-bubble diffuser at the bottom. A granular activated carbon trap as used to collect volatile organics in effluent air, fill period was relatively instantaneous, and Draw period lasted approximately 1 minute so the recent period comprised essentially the entire cycle time. In draw period a fraction of slurry (10%) was removed from period a fraction of slurry (10%) was removed from the SS-SBR weekly and it replaced with untreated slurry. This volumetric replacement volume of slurry (the recycle fraction) remained in the reactor to provide acclimated microorganism for the next batch of untreated slurry. The soil used in slurry studies was poorly graded sand with clay (SP-SC) which contaminated with approximately 67500 mg/kg TPH and 500mg/kg PAHS and passed through a sieve with an opening diameter of 0.5mm tap water was added to produce solids concentration of 10% (0.1kg dry soil/l slurry). Ammonias nitrate and phosphate were added to provide a C: N: P ratio of approximately 60:2:1 process performance .The TPH concentrations were determined by Gas chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) after ultrasonic extraction the PAHS concentrations were determined with both of High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) an GC-FID after silica-gel clean up. The results have shown high overall removal efficiency for TPH close to 96%. whereas PAHs were not detected at the end of each cycles.
Dynamic Programming and Taguchi Method Optimization of Water-Treatment-Plant Design
System and process optimization are both necessary for overall system design in system optimization models, the objective is to determine the optimal system configuration while assuming the design and operating parameters of each individual process. In process optimization models the objective is to find the design and operating parameters of individual processes. The major disadvantages of GP and NLP algorithms are that global optima is not assured and they can not be directly used for system optimization because of the presence of discrete decision variables and required high computer storage [Dharmappa 1994] [Desmond F. Lawler. 2005] Using DP solely for large problems requires very high computer time for Data Processing [Mhiaisalkar 1993]. The model of this research is DP model that employs Taguchi Experimental Design Method, whereupon the time of model analysis has reduced considerably. . Case study showed the capability of model in savings of roughly 9.5% in capital and annualized costs, compared to the conventional design besides the software has capability to performing sensitivity analysis and showing interactions between various Decision variables.
