Research
Suitability of Rice Husk as Biosorbent for Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solution on the Basis of Chemical Oxygen Demand Analysis
Researchers are investigating the various biomaterials as an effective alternative to the activated carbon for removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Some of the biosorbent have shown extremely high capacity for removal of dyes. But being a biomaterial, consists of organic molecules, they also contribute organic matter to the solution during adsorption process and thus contribute to the COD of the treated solution. There is a very strong and strict restriction on the value of COD of the industrial waste water before discharging into environment. So the biomaterial which is capable of removing the dyes below the prescribed limit, if increases the COD then it is not suitable for use in the adsorption process for removal of dyes from industrial effluent. In this paper the suitability of raw rice husk, sodium carbonate treated rice husk and potassium hydrogen phosphate treated rice husk has been examined and found that raw rice husk is not suitable biosorbent where as treated rice husk are the promising biosorbent.
Job Stress in Software Companies: A Case Study of HCL Bangalore, India
In India software industry has become one of the fastest growing industries. The reason for choosing a particular software industry and its employees is that the level of stress these employees face is comparatively higher than employees in other private companies. Any kind of a job has targets and an employee becomes stressed when he or she is allotted with unachievable targets and are unable to manage the given situation. Thus the main aim of this article is to bring to lime light the level of stress with software employees in HCL and the total sample size for the study is 100 chosen by random sampling method in HCL. When the employees were asked how often they feel stressed while working while working at the company, 98 out 100 said they feel stressed about daily physically, mentally or emotionally. In a sample space of 100 employees, 16% of employees work for 4-6 hours a day, 32% works for 6-8 hours, 30% works for 8-10 hours while 22% works for 10-12 hours daily. When asked about the overtime they have to do, 28% said employees saying always were mainly from age group 20-29. 54% of employees said often while 18% of employees said they worked overtimes rarely. The other few aspects have also been studied about job satisfaction.
Removal of Malachite Green and Crystal Violet Dyes from Aqueous Solution with Bio-Materials: A Review
Malachite Green and Crystal violet are among millions of dyes which are being used in every aspect of day to day life of a human being. Approximately 12% of synthetic dyes are lost during manufacturing and processing operations and 20% of the resultant color enters the environment through effluents from industrial wastewater. They are toxic and having extremely harmful consequences; hence many governmental and environmental agencies have put in place very strict regulation and restriction on discharge of industrial waste water/effluent containing dyes into the natural water bodies. There are various technique available for removal of dyes from waste water but adsorption is the process of choice. Activated carbon is the best known adsorbent. But its use in treating the industrial waste water especially in developing countries is restricted due to very high cost. This high cost of activated carbon has forced the researchers to find out low cost and effective adsorbent which may be used as an efficient alternative of activated carbon. In this paper an attempt has been made to compile the work of various researchers on removal of crystal violet and malachite green dyes from aqueous solution by using biomaterials and agricultural waste during the last five years.
A Computational Study of Buckling Analysis of Filament Wound Composite Pressure Vessel Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure
In this present study the post buckling cha-racteristics of moderately thick-walled filament-wound carbon– epoxy composite cylinders under external hydrostatic pressure were investigated through finite element analysis for under water vehicle applications. The winding angles were [±30/90] FW, [±45/90] FW and [±60/90] FW. Finite element software ANSYS 14.0 were used to predicted the buckling pressure of filament-wound composite cylinders. For the finite element modeling of a composite cylinder, an eight-node shell element is used. To verify the finite element results for comparison, three finite element software, MSC/NASTRAN , MSC/MARC and an in-house program ACOS were used. Among these software’s, the finite element software ANSYS predicts the buckling loads within 1.5% deviation. The analysis and test results showed that the cylinders do not recover the initial buckling pressure after buckling and that this leads directly to the collapse. Major failure modes in the analysis were dominated by the helical winding angles. The finite element analysis shows global buckling modes with four waves in the hoop direction.
CFD Analysis of Solid Fuel Scramjet Combustors
The combustion of a solid fuel under supersonic cross flow conditions was investigated theoretically. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric, turbulent (k - Æ), global one step reaction model was solved numerically. Numerical simulations of the combustor geometries presenting the situations with solid fuel regression were conducted using FLUENT software. The combustor inlet airflow had a Mach number of 2, total temperature of 1200 K and total pressure of 30 atm. The HTPB fuel and a global one step reaction mechanism were used. The results of non reacting computation reveal that the airflow velocity deceases in the majority zone of combustor with the solid fuel boundary regression. The results of reacting computation reveal that the supersonic zone in the divergent section of the case gets larger than non reaction case. Combustion takes place in the vicinity of solid fuel wall.
CFD Analysis of Intake Valve for Port Petrol Injection SI Engine
The air standard efficiency for SI engine is approximately 60% under full load condition but the actual brake thermal efficiency under full load condition is approximately 32.6% which is due to the various losses that occur. One of the primary lose is burning time loss which is approximately 4% and occur due to finite time combustion of the charge. This lose can be reduced to some extend by generation of a higher degree of swirl which will increase turbulence intensity with in the engine cylinder. The production of turbulence of higher intensity is one of the most important factors for stabilizing the ignition process, fast propagation of flame, especially in case of lean-burn combustion In general, two type of vortices are utilized in order to generated and preserve the turbulence flows efficiently. These vortices are usually known as swirl and tumble flows, which are organized rotations in the horizontal and vertical plane of the engine cylinder, respectively. They contribute to the improvement of engine performance. Hence, it is indispensable for the development of an ICE with high compression ratio to realize high turbulence intensity and lean burn combustion. Swirl can be generated during intake stroke as well as compression stroke of the engine. Intake generated swirl usually persists through the compression, combustion, and expansion stroke and it can greatly enhances the mixing of air and fuel to give a homogeneous mixture in the very short time. This is done by shaping and contouring the intake manifold, valve ports, and by use of shrouded intake valve. Keeping the above point in view, in this paper, an analysis is performed in a port fuel injection SI engine using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code FLUENT to determine the level of intake swirl induced by poppet intake valve and its reduction along the length of the cylinder. From the study it was found that intensity of intake swirl reduces along the length of the engine cylinder.
Studies on Some Aspects of Job Satisfaction in Engineers India Limited
In this paper the analysis has been done in the aspect of studies on job satisfaction: a case study of engineers India limited, A excel public Sector Company of India. Many qualitative aspects have been asked in the survey and there is one thing that now a day employees do not give importance to mere fiscal requirement but also to working environment which include many work related and non-work related aspects those have been asked in the survey. With the generation of more and more money in the market and work pressure on individual has been tantamount due to which employees seek for comfort in work and many things which may help alleviate work pressure and so their personal / social tension. During recession, when other organizations were issuing pink slips, Engineers India Limited recruited most due its demand in the market. Except some differences in few question asked in survey, in general majority seems to have similar opinion and agrees to the importance of good working culture inclusive of aspects which treats them more than a machine.
