Research
Suitability of Rice Husk as Biosorbent for Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solution on the Basis of Chemical Oxygen Demand Analysis
Researchers are investigating the various biomaterials as an effective alternative to the activated carbon for removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Some of the biosorbent have shown extremely high capacity for removal of dyes. But being a biomaterial, consists of organic molecules, they also contribute organic matter to the solution during adsorption process and thus contribute to the COD of the treated solution. There is a very strong and strict restriction on the value of COD of the industrial waste water before discharging into environment. So the biomaterial which is capable of removing the dyes below the prescribed limit, if increases the COD then it is not suitable for use in the adsorption process for removal of dyes from industrial effluent. In this paper the suitability of raw rice husk, sodium carbonate treated rice husk and potassium hydrogen phosphate treated rice husk has been examined and found that raw rice husk is not suitable biosorbent where as treated rice husk are the promising biosorbent.
Job Stress in Software Companies: A Case Study of HCL Bangalore, India
In India software industry has become one of the fastest growing industries. The reason for choosing a particular software industry and its employees is that the level of stress these employees face is comparatively higher than employees in other private companies. Any kind of a job has targets and an employee becomes stressed when he or she is allotted with unachievable targets and are unable to manage the given situation. Thus the main aim of this article is to bring to lime light the level of stress with software employees in HCL and the total sample size for the study is 100 chosen by random sampling method in HCL. When the employees were asked how often they feel stressed while working while working at the company, 98 out 100 said they feel stressed about daily physically, mentally or emotionally. In a sample space of 100 employees, 16% of employees work for 4-6 hours a day, 32% works for 6-8 hours, 30% works for 8-10 hours while 22% works for 10-12 hours daily. When asked about the overtime they have to do, 28% said employees saying always were mainly from age group 20-29. 54% of employees said often while 18% of employees said they worked overtimes rarely. The other few aspects have also been studied about job satisfaction.
Removal of Malachite Green and Crystal Violet Dyes from Aqueous Solution with Bio-Materials: A Review
Malachite Green and Crystal violet are among millions of dyes which are being used in every aspect of day to day life of a human being. Approximately 12% of synthetic dyes are lost during manufacturing and processing operations and 20% of the resultant color enters the environment through effluents from industrial wastewater. They are toxic and having extremely harmful consequences; hence many governmental and environmental agencies have put in place very strict regulation and restriction on discharge of industrial waste water/effluent containing dyes into the natural water bodies. There are various technique available for removal of dyes from waste water but adsorption is the process of choice. Activated carbon is the best known adsorbent. But its use in treating the industrial waste water especially in developing countries is restricted due to very high cost. This high cost of activated carbon has forced the researchers to find out low cost and effective adsorbent which may be used as an efficient alternative of activated carbon. In this paper an attempt has been made to compile the work of various researchers on removal of crystal violet and malachite green dyes from aqueous solution by using biomaterials and agricultural waste during the last five years.
