Development of a diagnostic algorithm for identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species and drug sensitivity

Development of a diagnostic algorithm for identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species and drug sensitivity

Dr Jyotirmayee Turuk

Contact

Sunita Panda

Contact

Madhusmita Rout

Contact

Sidhartha Giri

Contact

Sunil Swick Rout

Contact

Paresh Mohanty

Contact

Sanghamitra Pati

Contact

Development of a diagnostic algorithm for identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species and drug sensitivity

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

ZW9FZ

Development of a diagnostic algorithm for identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species and drug sensitivity Banner

AI TAKEAWAY

Connecting with the Eternal Ground

Abstract

Diagnosis and management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections remain formidable due to their nonspecific clinical presentation, environmental persistence and adaptability, and intrinsic drug resistance to existing treatments. The diverse species exhibiting variable drug susceptibility and lacking standardised treatment regimens make the precise identification of NTM species more critical. Therefore, precise and prompt species-level identification is paramount to confirm diagnosis, suggest appropriate therapeutics to improve patient outcomes. NTM infections often mimic tuberculosis, leading to frequent misdiagnosis, inappropriate therapy, and increased morbidity. Compounding this, advanced molecular tools required for precise identification are limited inresource-constrained setups. Moreover, no robust diagnostic algorithm exists for accurately identifying NTM at the species level.

References

54 Cites in Article

Reference Format

(2025). What Are Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections?.
Ivo Pavlik,Vit Ulmann,Joseph Falkinham (2022). Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Ecology and Impact on Animal and Human Health.
A Bethencourt Mirabal,A Nguyen,G Ferrer (2025). Lung Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections.
W.-J Koh Nontuberculous Mycobacteria-Overview.
Ali Velayati,Sanaz Rahideh,Zahra Derakhshani Nezhad,Parissa Farnia,Mehdi Mirsaeidi (2015). Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Middle East: Current situation and future challenges.
M Johnson,J Odell (2014). Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections.
Kelly Pennington,Ann Vu,Douglas Challener,Christina Rivera,F Shweta,John Zeuli,Zelalem Temesgen (2021). Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.
M Johnson,J Odell (2014). Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections.
Kimberly To,Ruoqiong Cao,Aram Yegiazaryan,James Owens,Vishwanath Venketaraman (2020). General Overview of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Opportunistic Pathogens: Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus.
Jia-Yih Feng,Wei-Chih Chen,Ying-Ying Chen,Wei-Juin Su (2020). Clinical relevance and diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in populations at risk.
Julie Philley,Mary Degroote,Jennifer Honda,Michael Chan,Shannon Kasperbauer,Nicholas Walter,Edward Chan (2016). Treatment of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease.
Barbara Brown-Elliott,Kevin Nash,Richard Wallace (2012). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Drug Resistance Mechanisms, and Therapy of Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.
Saloni Saxena,Herman Spaink,Gabriel Forn-Cuní (2021). Drug Resistance in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Mechanisms and Models.
Vincent Jarlier,Hiroshi Nikaido (1994). Mycobacterial cell wall: Structure and role in natural resistance to antibiotics.
Tanner Johnson,Thomas Byrd,Wendi Drummond,Lindsey Childs-Kean,Monica Mahoney,Jeffrey Pearson,Christina Rivera (2023). Contemporary Pharmacotherapies for Nontuberculosis Mycobacterial Infections: A Narrative Review.
M Johnson,J Odell (2014). Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections.
Véronique Dartois,Thomas Dick (2024). Therapeutic developments for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.
Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy,Kishore Panduru,Joris Menten,J Van Den Ende (2009). Time delays in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review of literature.
Banu Gülbay,Özlem Gürkan,Öznur Yıldız,Zeynep Önen,Ferda Erkekol,Ayşe Baççıoğlu,Turan Acıcan (2006). Side effects due to primary antituberculosis drugs during the initial phase of therapy in 1149 hospitalized patients for tuberculosis.
Mohammad Yazdanmanesh,Keyvan Tadayon,Darya Bagherian Koshkghazi,Nader Mosavari (2024). Isolation and identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from aquarium fish in Ilam, Iran.
Laura Rindi,Vincenzo Puglisi,Iacopo Franconi,Roberta Fais,Antonella Lupetti (2022). Rapid and Accurate Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Directly from Positive Primary MGIT Cultures by MALDI-TOF MS.
Raj Yadav,Yellanki Chowdary,Manpreet Bhalla,Ajoy Verma (2024). Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Enzyme Analysis (PCR-REA) of rpoB gene in Clinical Isolates.
C Opperman,S Singh,W Goosen,H Cox,R Warren,A Esmail (2024). Incorporating direct molecular diagnostics in management algorithms for nontuberculous mycobacteria: Is it high time?.
Reza Kakhki,Ehsan Aryan,Mojtaba Sankian,Zahra Meshkat (2020). Development of a cost-effective line probe assay for rapid detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium species.
Prabha Desikan,Nikita Panwalkar,Shaina Mirza,Aparna Chaturvedi,Kudsia Ansari,Reeta Varathe,Manju Chourey,Pradeep Kumar,Manoj Pandey (2017). Line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
Elvira Richter,Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes,Doris Hillemann (2006). Evaluation of the GenoType Mycobacterium Assay for Identification of Mycobacterial Species from Cultures.
Angelika Stary,Wolfgang Kopp,Brigitte Zahel,Sabine Nerad,Lilianna Teodorowicz,Ingrid Hörting-Müller (1993). Comparison of DNA-Probe Test and Culture for the Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Genital Samples.
Elvira Richter,Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes,Doris Hillemann (2006). Evaluation of the GenoType Mycobacterium Assay for Identification of Mycobacterial Species from Cultures.
Elvira Richter,Michael Weizenegger,Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes,Stefan Niemann (2003). Evaluation of Genotype MTBC Assay for Differentiation of Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates.
Mandira Ramudamu,Bharti Malhotra (2025). Evaluation of the GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS Assay for Species Identification of Mycobacteria.
Zoe Gitti,Ioannis Neonakis,Garyfallia Fanti,Fanourios Kontos,Sofia Maraki,Yiannis Tselentis (2006). Use of the GenoType Mycobacterium CM and AS Assays To Analyze 76 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Isolates from Greece.
Kelly Pennington,Ann Vu,Douglas Challener,Christina Rivera,F Shweta,John Zeuli,Zelalem Temesgen (2021). Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.
H Huh (2019). GenoType NTM-DR Performance Evaluation for Identification of Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium abscessus and Determination of Clarithromycin and Amikacin Resistance.
Greece (2006). Unknown Title.
Francesca Brunello,Marco Ligozzi,Emanuela Cristelli,Stefano Bonora,Enrico Tortoli,Roberta Fontana (2001). Identification of 54 Mycobacterial Species by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the hsp65 Gene.
(2025). DNA Decoded: Messenger RNA.
Adam Hargreaves,John Mulley (2025). Snake venom gland cDNA sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore MinION portable DNA sequencer.
(2025). Basecalling and demultiplexing of raw reads.
(2025). Table 2: Comparative fungal identification results from standard clinical laboratory methods, EPI2ME with Minimap2 metagenomic workflow, NGSpeciesID with BLASTn analysis, and NGSpeciesID with ITS-based phylogenetic tree pipeline..
M Sharma,B Malhotra,S Khandelwal (2021). Drug susceptibiity testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria by broth microdilution method.
A Umubyeyi,A Martin,G Zissis,M Struelens,E Karita,F Portaels (2006). Evaluation of the resazurin microtiter assay for rapid detection of ofloxacin resistance in M. tuberculosis.
Juan-Carlos Palomino,Anandi Martin,Mirtha Camacho,Humberto Guerra,Jean Swings,Françoise Portaels (2002). Resazurin Microtiter Assay Plate: Simple and Inexpensive Method for Detection of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
(2025). Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Mortality in the United States, 1999-2010: A Population-Based Comparative Study | PLOS One.
(2025). Frontiers | The Rise of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Disease.
Ethem Yıldız (2023). Beyond Tuberculosis: The Growing Threat of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.
André Pereira,Beatriz Ramos,Ana Reis,Mónica Cunha (2025). Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Molecular and Physiological Bases of Virulence and Adaptation to Ecological Niches.
Samira Tarashi,Seyed Siadat,Abolfazl Fateh (2022). Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Disinfectants: Challenges Still Ahead.
Mohammad Hashemzadeh,Aram Dezfuli,Azar Khosravi,Maryam Bandbal,Atousa Ghorbani,Mahtab Hamed,Soolmaz Dezfuli (2023). Molecular identification of non-tuberculous mycobacterial species isolated from extrapulmonary samples using real-time PCR and rpoB sequence analysis.
Wei-Chang Huang,Ming-Chih Yu,Yi-Wen Huang (2020). Identification and drug susceptibility testing for nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Kelly Pennington,Ann Vu,Douglas Challener,Christina Rivera,F Shweta,John Zeuli,Zelalem Temesgen (2021). Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.
Anik Devriès (2025). Le Menu.
V Katoch (2019). Diagnosis & management of infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in developing countries.
A Maurya (2015). Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in tertiary care centers in Northern India.
Samuel Brown,Barbara Jones,Al Jephson,Nathan Dean (2009). Validation of the Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society 2007 guidelines for severe community-acquired pneumonia*.

Download References

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Dr Jyotirmayee Turuk. 2026. \u201cDevelopment of a diagnostic algorithm for identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species and drug sensitivity\u201d. Global Journal of Medical Research - C: Microbiology & Pathology GJMR-C Volume 25 (GJMR Volume 25 Issue C1): .

More Citation Formats

Select Citation Style:

Download Citation

Download Article

GJMR Volume 25 Issue C1
Pg. 33- 39

Explore Journals Explore Volume Read This Issue

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmra

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

Keywords

Not Found

Submission ReceivedNovember 14, 2025
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted November 21, 2025
Published April 21, 2025

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

April 29, 2025

Language

Experiance in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

View in VR

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

View in 3D

Article Matrices

Total Views: 268

Total Downloads: 61

2026 Trends

Published Article

Our website is actively being updated, and changes may occur frequently. Please clear your browser cache if needed. For feedback or error reporting, please email [email protected]