Nicotines Influence on Musculoskeletal Healing: A Review Featuring nAChRs and miRNA

Herman S. Cheung
Herman S. Cheung * §
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Carlos M. Carballosa
Carlos M. Carballosa
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David J. Fernandez-Fidalgo
David J. Fernandez-Fidalgo
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§ University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL

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Nicotines Influence on Musculoskeletal Healing: A Review Featuring nAChRs and miRNA

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Abstract

Nicotine is the main ingredient of smoking cessation therapies and electronic cigarettes. New to the market, electronic cigarettes, which are not regulated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have been marketed as the safe and alternative approach to cigarette smoking. Although containing significantly fewer amounts of toxic chemicals, electronic cigarettes, as well as other nicotine replacement therapies, still present additional health hazards due to significant nicotine exposure. The effects of nicotine exposure on musculoskeletal health have been extensively studied, but the mechanisms behind these effects are still unknown. Current research, however, suggests that these effects are mediated by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the musculoskeletal system. These receptors, which are activated in the presence of nicotine, undergo conformational changes that eventually alter the ionic permeability of their respective membranes.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Herman Cheung, Carlos Carballosa, David Fernandez-Fidalgo, Herman Cheung. 2014. "Nicotines Influence on Musculoskeletal Healing: A Review Featuring nAChRs and miRNA". Global Journal of Medical Research, Global Journal of Medical Research - H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System GJMR-H Volume 14 (GJMR Volume 14 Issue H1).

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmr

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

Keywords
bone healingCigarette smokingelectronic cigarettemuscunicotinenicotine acetylcholine receptornicotine replacement therapieswound healing
Classification
GJMR-H Classification NLMC Code: WE 168
WS 270
  • Submission ReceivedDecember 10, 2013
  • Peer Review Double Blind
    Handling Editor
  • Accepted January 3, 2014
  • Published January 15, 2014
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date
June 6, 2014

Language
English
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Nicotines Influence on Musculoskeletal Healing: A Review Featuring nAChRs and miRNA

Herman Cheung
Herman Cheung University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
Carlos Carballosa
Carlos Carballosa
David Fernandez-Fidalgo
David Fernandez-Fidalgo
Herman Cheung
Herman Cheung
  • Submission ReceivedDecember 10, 2013
  • Peer Review Double Blind
    Handling Editor
  • Accepted January 3, 2014
  • Published January 15, 2014