On Chang Chienas Change from a Constitutional Monarchist to a Republican — Political Thought with Flexibility as the Underlying Reason

1
Sun,Shun-Chih
Sun,Shun-Chih
2
Dr. Sun
Dr. Sun
3
Shun-chih
Shun-chih
1 Chang Jung Christian University

Send Message

To: Author

GJHSS Volume 13 Issue F5

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

753YZ

On Chang Chienas Change from a Constitutional Monarchist to a Republican — Political Thought with Flexibility as the Underlying Reason Banner
  • English
  • Afrikaans
  • Albanian
  • Amharic
  • Arabic
  • Armenian
  • Azerbaijani
  • Basque
  • Belarusian
  • Bengali
  • Bosnian
  • Bulgarian
  • Catalan
  • Cebuano
  • Chichewa
  • Chinese (Simplified)
  • Chinese (Traditional)
  • Corsican
  • Croatian
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • Esperanto
  • Estonian
  • Filipino
  • Finnish
  • French
  • Frisian
  • Galician
  • Georgian
  • German
  • Greek
  • Gujarati
  • Haitian Creole
  • Hausa
  • Hawaiian
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi
  • Hmong
  • Hungarian
  • Icelandic
  • Igbo
  • Indonesian
  • Irish
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Javanese
  • Kannada
  • Kazakh
  • Khmer
  • Korean
  • Kurdish (Kurmanji)
  • Kyrgyz
  • Lao
  • Latin
  • Latvian
  • Lithuanian
  • Luxembourgish
  • Macedonian
  • Malagasy
  • Malay
  • Malayalam
  • Maltese
  • Maori
  • Marathi
  • Mongolian
  • Myanmar (Burmese)
  • Nepali
  • Norwegian
  • Pashto
  • Persian
  • Polish
  • Portuguese
  • Punjabi
  • Romanian
  • Russian
  • Samoan
  • Scots Gaelic
  • Serbian
  • Sesotho
  • Shona
  • Sindhi
  • Sinhala
  • Slovak
  • Slovenian
  • Somali
  • Spanish
  • Sundanese
  • Swahili
  • Swedish
  • Tajik
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Urdu
  • Uzbek
  • Vietnamese
  • Welsh
  • Xhosa
  • Yiddish
  • Yoruba
  • Zulu

Chang Chien was born on July 1st in 1853 in Haimen Kiangsu and died on August 24th in 1926 in Nant’ung Kiangsu. In spite of his extraordinary enthusiasm in the promotion of a constitutional monarchy, Chang Chien changed from a constitutional monarchist to a republican within less than one month after the 1911 Revolution. Why did he change? This is a significant topic for discussion. So far lots of scholars have done research on this topic; however, the answers to this question have not been completely discovered yet. My finding in this paper contends that though reasons leading to Chang Chien’s change were complicated, the underlying reason could be attributed to his political thought with flexibility that industry, education and self-government were able to be achieved under whether a constitutional monarchy or a republic to save China. It would be unfair to attribute Chang Chien’s change only to his personal ambition to maintain his property, his prestige, or to attain political power. Essentially, it was also due to his pragmatic attitude and his political thought with flexibility which allow him to work out industry, education, and self-government for China whether under a constitutional monarchy or, a republic.

56 Cites in Articles

References

  1. Chien Chang (1986). Liu-his-ts'ao-t'ang Hih-chi.
  2. Chang (2007). Chang Chien yu Chin-tai Chung-kuo She-hui--Ti ssu-chieh Chang Chien Kuo-chi Hsuehshu Yen-t'ao-hui Lun-wen-chi (Chang Chien and Chinese Society.
  3. Chien Chang,Center (1994). Chang Chien Ch'uan-chi (The Complete Work of Chang Chien).
  4. Hsiao-Jo Chang (1930). Nant'ung Chang Chi-chih Hsien-sheng Chuan-chi.
  5. Hsiao-Jo Chang (1983). Chang-chi-tzu Chiulu (The Nine Records of Chang Chien).
  6. Hsu-Wu ; Chang (2004). Unknown Title.
  7. K Chang,'ai-Yuan (1963). Discussion on Chang Chien's Contradictory Character.
  8. K Chang,'ai-Yuan (1986). K'ai-to-che te tsu-chi : Chang Chien Chuan-kao (The Footprints of A Trailblazer: A Draft Biography of Chang Chien.
  9. I Chang,Chuang-Chun Liu,Yu-Ting Chang Chien (2000). Strategies for Optimizing the Efficacy of Pop-Up Advertisements in Mobile Commerce Applications.
  10. K Chang,'ai-Yuan & T'ung T'ian (2002). Chang Chien yu Chin-tai She-hui (Chang Chien and Modern Society.
  11. K Chang,'ai-Yuan & T'ung T'ian (2011). Hsin-hai Keming Shih-ch'I te Chang Chien yu Chin-tai She-hui (Chang Chien and Modern Society During the Period of 1911 Revolution).
  12. P Chang,'eng-Yuan (1969). Li-hsien Pai yu Hsin-hai Ke-ming (The Constitutionalists and the 1911 Revolution).
  13. P Chang,'eng-Yuan (1983). Tsai-lun Li-hsien Pai yu Hsin-hai Ke-ming" (Again on the Constitutionalists and the 1911 Revolution).
  14. Yu-Fa Chang (1988). Chung-kuo Hsien-tai-shih (The Contemporary History of China).
  15. Ch'ai,Teh-Keng (1957). Hsin-hai Koming (The 1911 Revolution).
  16. Ch Chin (2003). Chang Chien Yen-chiu Lun-kao.
  17. Hsin-Kuo Chou (2004). Chung-kuo Chin-tai-hua Hsien-ch'u:Chuang-yuan Shi-yeh-chia Chang Chien (A Pioneer for China's Modernization :Chang Chien.
  18. Yi-Chieh ; Hou,Chang Chien Yu Hsin (1911). -hai Koming-Chien Po Chung-chung O-ch'uan, Huan lishih I Chen-shih.
  19. Lun Hsu (1962). Chang Chien tsai Hsin-hai Keming chung te Cheng-chih Huo-tung.
  20. Jerome Ch,' En (1983). Chang Chien tsai hsin-hai ch'ien-hsi Cheng-chih Ssi-hsiang te Chuan-pien" (The Change of Chang Chien's Political Thought in the Eve of the 1911 Revolution).
  21. Shih-Yueh Li (1962). Chang Chien yu Li-hsien-p'a (Chang Chien and the Constitutionalists.
  22. Hou-Sheng Liu (1958). Biography of Chang Chien.
  23. Hou-Sheng Liu (1963). Chang Chien yu Hsin-hai Ke-ming" (Chang Chien and the 1911 Revolution).
  24. Yao-Tung Lu (1980). Hsin-hai Ke-ming ch'ien-hou Chang Chien te Chuan-pien" (Chang Chien's Change before and after the 1911 Revolution).
  25. Yun-Lung Sheng (1971). Chang Chien and Ch'en Teh-ch'uan tui Hsin-hai K'ai-kuo Ch'en-hou chih Ying-hsiang" (Chang Chien and Ch'en Teh-ch'uan's Impact on China around 1911 Revolution).
  26. Shun-Chih Sun (1997). Chang Chien te Cheng-chih Ssu-hsiang" (The Political Thought of Chang Chien) Jen-wen chi She-hui K'o-hsueh Ch'i-k'an.
  27. Shun-Chih Sun (2001). Chang Chien tsai Hsin-haiko-ming hou yu Chun-hsien chuan wei Kung-ho chih Yen-chiu" (Chang Chien's Conversion from A Constitutional Monarchist to A Republican after the 1911 Revolution).
  28. Sung,Hsi-Shang (1963). The Career of Chang Chien.
  29. Fu-Hui Ta (1970). Chang Chien Tasi Ch'ing-mo Lihsien Yun-tung Chung te Ti-wei" (Chang Chien's Position in the Constitutional Movement of the Late Ching Period).
  30. Chih-Ch ; Ts'ui (2010). yu Haimen : Tsao-ch'i Hsien-tai-hua Ssu-hsiang yu Shih-Chien (Chang Chien and Haimen : The Thoughts and Practice in the Early Period of Modernization ).
  31. Wang Tun-Ch (2005). Ch'uan-t'ung yu Ch'ienchan: Chang Chien Ching-chi Ssu-hsiang Yen-chiu (Tradition and Prospect: A Research on Chang Chien's Economic Thought).
  32. Wang Wei (2004). The Last Imperial Civil Service Examination Champion.
  33. Wu Yi-Yeh (1993). Chang Chien yu Nant'ung Chintai-hua Mo-shih" (Chang Chien and Nant'ung's Model of Modernization).
  34. Yu-Chang Wu (1961). Hsin-hai ko-ming (The 1911 Revolution).
  35. (1987). Chang Chien Ts'un-kao (Extant Writings of Chang Chien).
  36. Yen (2006). Wei-ta te Shi-pai Yinghsiung: Chang Chien yu Nant'ung Ch'u-yu tsao-ch'i Hsien-tai-hua Yen-chiu (A Great and Failed Hero: Chang Chien and Nant'ung's Early Modernization).
  37. Hsueh-His ; Yen,Chang Chien Yu (1911). Hsin-hai Ke-ming : yu Li-hsien chuan hsiang Kung-ho te Ssuhsiang Chi-ch'u" (Chang Chien and the.
  38. Yu,Ho-P'ing (2004). Chang Chien: Chung-kuo tsao-ch'i Hsien-tai-hua te Ch'ian-ch'u (Chang Chien: A Pioneer for China's Early Modernization) Ch'ang Ch.
  39. Keishu Onodera,Masakiyo Ishikawa,Manami Homura,Keita Takahashi,Koji Hoshino,Yuji Morimoto (1985). Factors related to the prognosis of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for postoperative paralytic ileus.
  40. Austin Ranney (2001). Governing: An Introduction to Political Science.
  41. P Chang,'eng-Yuan (1968). The Constitutionalists.
  42. Ichiko Chuzo (1968). The Chinese Gentry, An Hypothesis.
  43. Elisabeth Koll (2003). From Cotton Mill to Business Empire: The Emergence of Regional Enterprises in Modern China.
  44. Jerome Ch,' En (1972). Yuan Shih-k'ai.
  45. Louis Sigel (1979). Fitzgerald, Charles Patrick, (5 March 1902–13 April 1992), Professor of Far Eastern History, Australian National University, 1953–67, then Emeritus; Visiting Fellow, Department of International Relations, Australian National University, 1968–69.
  46. Marie-Claire Bergere (1968). The Role of the Bourgeoisie.
  47. G Michael,Roskin (2008). Political Science, an Introduction.
  48. Peter Zarrow (2006). Qin Shao, Culturing Modernity: The Nantong Model, 1890-1930.
  49. Qin Shao (2004). Culturing Modernity: The Nantong Model, 1890-1930.
  50. C Samuel,Chu (1965). Reformer in Modern China: Chang Chien, 1853-1926.
  51. Shun-Chih Sun (1853). Political Thought and Action.
  52. Shun-Chih Sun (1995). The Political Thought of Chang Chien 1853-1926.
  53. Shun-Chih Sun (2009). Chang Chien’s Ideas and Activities on Constitutional Monarchy.
  54. Shun-Chih Sun (2010). Chang Chien's Role in the North-South Negotiation 1911-1912.
  55. Ssu-Yu Teng,Jeremy Ingalls (1956). The Political History of China, 1840–1928. By Li Chien-Nung. Translated and Edited by Ssu-Yu Teng and Jeremy Ingalls. (Princeton, Toronto, London, New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.1956. Pp. xii, 545. $7.50.).
  56. King-Kong Wong (1957). A case study of Hong Kong--Mainland China joint venture.

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

Sun,Shun-Chih. 2013. \u201cOn Chang Chienas Change from a Constitutional Monarchist to a Republican — Political Thought with Flexibility as the Underlying Reason\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - F: Political Science GJHSS-F Volume 13 (GJHSS Volume 13 Issue F5): .

Download Citation

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

Classification
Not Found
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

September 18, 2013

Language

English

Experiance in AR

The methods for personal identification and authentication are no exception.

Read in 3D

The methods for personal identification and authentication are no exception.

Article Matrices
Total Views: 4928
Total Downloads: 2440
2026 Trends
Research Identity (RIN)
Related Research

Published Article

Chang Chien was born on July 1st in 1853 in Haimen Kiangsu and died on August 24th in 1926 in Nant’ung Kiangsu. In spite of his extraordinary enthusiasm in the promotion of a constitutional monarchy, Chang Chien changed from a constitutional monarchist to a republican within less than one month after the 1911 Revolution. Why did he change? This is a significant topic for discussion. So far lots of scholars have done research on this topic; however, the answers to this question have not been completely discovered yet. My finding in this paper contends that though reasons leading to Chang Chien’s change were complicated, the underlying reason could be attributed to his political thought with flexibility that industry, education and self-government were able to be achieved under whether a constitutional monarchy or a republic to save China. It would be unfair to attribute Chang Chien’s change only to his personal ambition to maintain his property, his prestige, or to attain political power. Essentially, it was also due to his pragmatic attitude and his political thought with flexibility which allow him to work out industry, education, and self-government for China whether under a constitutional monarchy or, a republic.

Our website is actively being updated, and changes may occur frequently. Please clear your browser cache if needed. For feedback or error reporting, please email [email protected]
×

This Page is Under Development

We are currently updating this article page for a better experience.

Request Access

Please fill out the form below to request access to this research paper. Your request will be reviewed by the editorial or author team.
X

Quote and Order Details

Contact Person

Invoice Address

Notes or Comments

This is the heading

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

High-quality academic research articles on global topics and journals.

On Chang Chienas Change from a Constitutional Monarchist to a Republican — Political Thought with Flexibility as the Underlying Reason

Dr. Sun
Dr. Sun
Shun-chih
Shun-chih

Research Journals