Poverty Penalty: A Market-Based Review

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Wagner Nóbrega
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Poverty Penalty: A Market-Based Review

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Abstract

Summery-The poverty penalty is the price that the poor pay more than the rich to obtain the same or similar goods. To be consistent with the way this concept is presented in the author who originally deals with it (Caplovitz) and in the author who originally calls it (Prahalad), the understanding of means “similar” concerns a quality standard imposed on the consumer as a condition of its functioning in society. The sociological relationships that determine this pattern, shape, through the institutions participating in the market, the economic ecosystem (so called by Prahalad). In view of this, the fight against that penalty is of questionable success in the absence of interventions to treat the sociological bases from which it is generated, which, in turn, implies that the measurements that lend themselves to identifying the penalty of poverty, need to include the effects of those sociological determinants, in the absence of which, they are useful as an exploratory data analysis, which only suggests the existence of the poverty penalty but does not actually verify it. In order to be consistent with the pioneering authors in the treatment of the penalization of poverty, the concept needs to be understood in the context of markets, or market-based. In this sense, related concepts are presented in the literature, such as “catastrophic expenses”, “out-ofpocket” expenses, “uncompensated expenses”, “consumer detriment” and “double jeopardy”. Taken together as market-based, these concepts point to two different ways of interpreting the penalization of poverty.

References

19 Cites in Article
  1. R Alcaly,A Klevorick (1971). Food Prices in Relation to Income Levels in New York City.
  2. Orazio Attanasio,Christine Frayne (2006). Do the poor pay more? Paper presented at the 8th BREAD Conference.
  3. D Caplovitz (1967). The Poor Pay More.
  4. Ian Crawford,François Laisney,Ian Preston (2003). Estimation of household demand systems with theoretically compatible Engel curves and unit value specifications.
  5. Frédéric Dalsace,Charles-Edouard Vincent,Jacques Berger,François Dalens (2012). The Poverty Penalty in France: How the Market Makes Low-Income Populations Poorer.
  6. Sara Davies,Andrea Finney,Yvette Hartfree (2016). Paying to be poor: uncovering the scale and nature of the poverty premium.
  7. A Deaton (1988). Quality, quantity and spatial variation of price.
  8. Angus Deaton (1997). The analysis of household surveys.
  9. (2010). Howe, Martin, (born 9 Dec. 1936), self-employed consultant on competition policy, 1998–2010; Director, Competition Policy Division, Office of Fair Trading, 1984–96.
  10. Charles Goodman (1968). Do the Poor Pay More?.
  11. Donald Hirsch (2019). Road To Universal Coverage: Addressing The Premium Affordability Gap.
  12. Howard Kunreuther (1972). Why the Poor May Pay More for Food: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence.
  13. Ronald Mendoza (2011). Why do the poor pay more? Exploring the poverty penalty concept.
  14. C Prahalad (2005). Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profits.
  15. (1977). Why the Poor Pay More.
  16. (2005). Low Cost Innovation: Implementation in Footwear Industries that Produce for Consumers at the Base of the Pyramid – Bop.
  17. Ronald Mendoza (2011). Why do the poor pay more? Exploring the poverty penalty concept.
  18. Mendoza (null). Sivrihissar (in vico). Op. cit. Op. cit. 334, n. 19..
  19. Amadeu Coco,Andréa Santos,Thiago Noronha (2022). Coupling scenario-based heuristics to exact methods for the robust weighted set covering problem with interval data**This work was partially supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Campus France, the Foundation for Support of Research of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (FAPEMIG), and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES).

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Wagner Nóbrega. 2026. \u201cPoverty Penalty: A Market-Based Review\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - E: Economics GJHSS-E Volume 22 (GJHSS Volume 22 Issue E2): .

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Poverty, social science, research, global journal, human social science, economic study, review, academic peer-reviewed.
Issue Cover
GJHSS Volume 22 Issue E2
Pg. 19- 28
Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

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Classification
GJHSS-E Classification: DDC Code: 330.1 LCC Code: HB171
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

March 30, 2022

Language
en
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Summery-The poverty penalty is the price that the poor pay more than the rich to obtain the same or similar goods. To be consistent with the way this concept is presented in the author who originally deals with it (Caplovitz) and in the author who originally calls it (Prahalad), the understanding of means “similar” concerns a quality standard imposed on the consumer as a condition of its functioning in society. The sociological relationships that determine this pattern, shape, through the institutions participating in the market, the economic ecosystem (so called by Prahalad). In view of this, the fight against that penalty is of questionable success in the absence of interventions to treat the sociological bases from which it is generated, which, in turn, implies that the measurements that lend themselves to identifying the penalty of poverty, need to include the effects of those sociological determinants, in the absence of which, they are useful as an exploratory data analysis, which only suggests the existence of the poverty penalty but does not actually verify it. In order to be consistent with the pioneering authors in the treatment of the penalization of poverty, the concept needs to be understood in the context of markets, or market-based. In this sense, related concepts are presented in the literature, such as “catastrophic expenses”, “out-ofpocket” expenses, “uncompensated expenses”, “consumer detriment” and “double jeopardy”. Taken together as market-based, these concepts point to two different ways of interpreting the penalization of poverty.

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Poverty Penalty: A Market-Based Review

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