Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
February 17, 2026
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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The temperature of a hotplate used for prebaking, post baking, dehydration baking etc. changes with time. But, in baking purpose the temperature should remain constant. This work concerned with the designing a new and cost-effective microcontroller based PWM temperature controller to control the temperature of a hot plate. PWM controller has been selected because it has faster and accurate response than the conventional on-off controller. Here, the microcontroller senses the zero crossing of the line voltage and generates a pulse for every half-cycle. The width of the pulse is adjusted to change the firing angle of a TRIAC. The TRIAC is interfaced with the microcontroller circuit using an opto-coupler. The temperature of the hot plate can be increased or decreased using two push-button switches. The preset temperature will be saved in EPROM of microcontroller and displayed on an LCD display. The temperature of the hot plate is sensed by a thermocouple and fedback to the microcontroller. The microcontroller keeps the temperature constant by changing the firing angle of the TRIAC. The system has been constructed and tested successfully.
Tabinder Akter. 2012. \u201cTemperature Control of a Hot Plate Using Microcontroller-Based PWM Technique\u201d. Global Journal of Research in Engineering - F: Electrical & Electronic GJRE-F Volume 12 (GJRE Volume 12 Issue F6): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjre
Print ISSN 0975-5861
e-ISSN 2249-4596
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Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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The temperature of a hotplate used for prebaking, post baking, dehydration baking etc. changes with time. But, in baking purpose the temperature should remain constant. This work concerned with the designing a new and cost-effective microcontroller based PWM temperature controller to control the temperature of a hot plate. PWM controller has been selected because it has faster and accurate response than the conventional on-off controller. Here, the microcontroller senses the zero crossing of the line voltage and generates a pulse for every half-cycle. The width of the pulse is adjusted to change the firing angle of a TRIAC. The TRIAC is interfaced with the microcontroller circuit using an opto-coupler. The temperature of the hot plate can be increased or decreased using two push-button switches. The preset temperature will be saved in EPROM of microcontroller and displayed on an LCD display. The temperature of the hot plate is sensed by a thermocouple and fedback to the microcontroller. The microcontroller keeps the temperature constant by changing the firing angle of the TRIAC. The system has been constructed and tested successfully.
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