The Question of Space-Time Singularities in General Relativity and Einsteins Errors

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C. Y. Lo
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The Question of Space-Time Singularities in General Relativity and Einsteins Errors

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Abstract

In general relativity, the existence of space-time singularities plays a central role on the notion of black holes and the expanding universe. However, these two speculations have not been firmly verified in spite of the efforts of generations of physicists. The existence of space-time singularities is due to the spacetime singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose, whose implicit physical assumption is the general validity of E = mc 2 that leads to the unique sign for all the couplings. However, recently it is found that such an assumption is not supported by various experiments. In particular, the electromagnetic energy is not equivalent to mass. In fact, the Einstein equation with massive sources has no dynamic solution unless the gravitational energystress tensor with an anti-gravity coupling is added to the source.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

c._y._lo. 2015. \u201cThe Question of Space-Time Singularities in General Relativity and Einsteins Errors\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - A: Physics & Space Science GJSFR-A Volume 15 (GJSFR Volume 15 Issue A4): .

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Issue Cover
GJSFR Volume 15 Issue A4
Pg. 37- 51
Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

Keywords
Classification
GJSFR-A Classification: FOR Code: 020199
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

September 8, 2015

Language
en
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In general relativity, the existence of space-time singularities plays a central role on the notion of black holes and the expanding universe. However, these two speculations have not been firmly verified in spite of the efforts of generations of physicists. The existence of space-time singularities is due to the spacetime singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose, whose implicit physical assumption is the general validity of E = mc 2 that leads to the unique sign for all the couplings. However, recently it is found that such an assumption is not supported by various experiments. In particular, the electromagnetic energy is not equivalent to mass. In fact, the Einstein equation with massive sources has no dynamic solution unless the gravitational energystress tensor with an anti-gravity coupling is added to the source.

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The Question of Space-Time Singularities in General Relativity and Einsteins Errors

C. Y. Lo
C. Y. Lo

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