Research
Understanding Cosmic Temperature, Redshift, Growth Rate and Age in Stoney Scale Black Hole Cosmology
If it is true that galaxy constitutes so many stars, each star constitutes so many hydrogen atoms and light is coming from the excited electron of hydrogen atom, then considering redshift as an index of 'whole galaxy' receding may not be reasonable. Clearly speaking, the observed cosmic redshift can be reinterpreted as an index of ‘cosmological’ thermodynamic light emission mechanism. During cosmic evolution, at any time in the past, in hydrogen atom- emitted photon energy was always inversely proportional to the CMBR temperature. Thus past light emitted from older galaxy’s excited hydrogen atom will show redshift with reference to the current laboratory data. Note that there will be no change in the energy of the emitted photon during its journey from the distant galaxy to the observer. As there is no observational or experimental evidence to Friedmann’s second assumption and as ‘critical density’ itself represents the density of ‘growing and light speed rotating black hole’, the density classification scheme of Friedmann cosmology must be reviewed at fundamental level and possibly can be relinquished. Rate of decrease in current ‘Hubble’s constant’ can be considered as a measure of current cosmic ‘rate of expansion’. If rate of decrease in current ‘Hubble’s constant is very small and is beyond the scope of current experimental verification, then the two possible states are: a) current ‘Hubble’s constant is decreasing at a very slow rate and current universe is expanding at a very slow rate and b) at present there is no ‘observable’ cosmic expansion or acceleration. To understand the ground reality, sensitivity and accuracy of current methods of estimating the magnitude of 0Hmust be improved and alternative methods must be developed. In this new direction by combining the basics of general theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and particle physics authors proposed 5 new methods for estimating the accurate value of 0H and can
WAVE: The Web Audio Visual Education in India
To promote advanced low fees high quality education among the people of India within their reach and to promote continuous research program in all areas of Science & Technology.
Is Strong Interaction – A Cosmological Manifestation?
Even though Hubble volume is virtual in the flat universe, by considering the product of critical mass density and the Hubble volume, one can estimate the Hubble mass. By coupling the Hubble mass with the Mach's principle, one can understand the origin of cosmic, atomic and nuclear physical parameters. Thus the four fundamental interactions can be studied in a unified manner. In this connection it can be suggested that, proton mass, nuclear binding energy and strong interaction range are cosmic variables and not fundamental physical constants. Molar electron mass is the planck scale mass of the proton.
Hubble Volume, Cosmic Variable Proton Mass and the CMB Radiation Energy Density
It is noticed that, in the accelerating universe, proton mass, proton size and the strong coupling constant are cosmic variable constants. Independent of the cosmic red shift and CMBR observations, cosmic acceleration can be verified by measuring the `rate of decrease' in the proton mass. Cosmic initial conditions can be addressed with the Planck mass and the coulomb mass Based on the Mach's principle and the characteristic Hubble mass of the present universe, it is noticed that, in the Hubble volume, critical density, observed matter density and the thermal energy density are in geometric series and the geometric ratio is 1 + ln (M0 / MC). In this connection, it can be suggested that - in understanding the basics of grand unification and cosmology, cosmic Hubble volume can be given a chance.
Atom, Universe and the Fundamental Interactions
In the universe, if the critical density is a n d the characteristic Hubble radius is mass of the cosmic Hubble volume is There exists a charged Keywords : Atom, Avogadro number, Hubble radius, Hubble volume, Hubble mass, Mach's principle, Planck mass, Coulomb mass, Fine structure ratio, the 4 fundamental interactions and SUSY. Atom, Universe and the Fundamental Interactions Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of : c= ô€€€ 3H 2 0 =8G R 0 = (c=H0) ; M0 = c3 2GH0 : heavy massive elementary particle MX in such a way that, inverse of the fine structure ratio is equal to the natural logarithm of the sum of number of positively and negatively charged MX in the Hubble volume. Surprisingly it is noticed that, MX mass is close to Avogadro number times the rest mass of electron. Finally it can be suggested that MX plays a very interesting role in particle and nuclear physics.
Quantum mechanics, cosmic acceleration and CMB radiation
Based on the big bang concepts - in the expanding universe, rate of decrease in CMBR temperature is a measure of the cosmic rate of expansion. If universe is accelerating, CMBR temperature must decrease continuously. It is noticed that, Bohr radius of hydrogen atom, quanta of the angular momentum and the fine structure ratio - are connected with the large scale structure of the massive expanding universe. In the accelerating universe, as the space expands, in hydrogen atom, distance between proton and electron increases and is directly proportional to the size of the universe. ‘Rate of decrease in the laboratory fine structure ratio’ is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion. Considering the integral nature of number of protons (of any nucleus), integral nature of ℠can be understood. Obtained value of the present Hubble constant is 70.75 Km/sec/Mpc. Instead of the Planck scale, initial conditions can be represented with the Coulomb scale. Finally it can be suggested that, if the primordial universe is a natural setting for the creation of black holes and other non-perturbative gravitational entities, throughout its journey, the whole universe is a primordial (growing and rotating) black hole.
Unified Concepts in Cosmic, Atomic and Nuclear Physics
In this paper an attempt is made to understand the basic unified concepts of gravity, electromagnetism, nuclear charge radius, cosmic geometry; cosmic mass density, cosmic thermal energy density and cosmic red shift. The four key assumptions are : 1) Planck’s constant increases with cosmic time. 2) Being a primordial evolving black hole and angular velocity being Ht universe is always rotating with light, speed. 3) Atomic gravitational constant is squared Avogadro number times the classical gravitational constant and 4) Avogadro number is discrete and hence the atomic gravitational constant is discrete. This may be the root cause of discrete nature of revolving electron’s potential energy. Finally it can be suggested that current cosmological changes may be reflected in any existing atom.
