Research
Response of Groundwater to Basin Parameters in the Upper Kaduna Catchment
Groundwater componentis animportant contributor to total runoff within the Basement Complex rocksin Nigeria despite the dominance of regolithaquifer in the region. This paper examines the response of groundwater to basin variables in the Upper Kaduna Catchment, Nigeria.Data used in this study consists of hydro meteorological, geological and land usedata. The hydrometeorological data were obtained from the Hydro Meteorological Department of The Kaduna State Water Board, Kaduna, Nigeria,while morphometric, land use and geological data were obtained from maps. Groundwater components were derived using semi -logarithmichydrographic analysis. A total of 220 hydrographs were separated and 30 basin variables were also derived using various morphometric methods. Both descriptive and inferential methods were used in interpreting the data generated. The descriptive analyses include mean, standard deviation and graphs. The inferential methods used in this study are:moment product correlation, factor analysis, multiple regression and stepwise regression methods. Moment product correction was used to associate groundwater component and basin parameters, factor analysis was used to reduce the 30 basin variables into orthogonal factors;multiple regression was used to establish a relationship with basin variable and groundwater components, while stepwise regression was used to also establish a relationship and to also reduce the regression model to an orthogonal size. The 30 basin variables were reduced by factor analysis into 8 orthogonal variables (namely: length of mainstream, total rainfall, %younger granite, leminiscate ratio, savanna scrubland, % forest, basin scale, and % fadama) which altogether explained 84.3% of the variance. The results of the multiple regression showed that these 8 factors explained 86.0% of the groundwater pattern in the Upper KadunaCatchment. The result of the stepwise regression further showed that only 3 factors (namely: total
Productive Time of Women and Water Supply in Ijumu, Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
Relationship between Power Generation and Reservoir Elements in the Jebba Hydroelectric Reservoir, Nigeria.
Electricity came to Nigeria (in 1896)15 years after it got to England. Despite its long history in Nigeria, electricitygeneration is still at its low ebb with power outages being the order of the day.Power generation is a product of reservoir operation;hence, the understanding of the interactions between them is crucial to energy supply. This study examines the interactions between electricity generation and reservoir elements in Jebba dam, Nigeria. Monthly data were collected on 11 reservoir elements and on monthly electricity generation from (1989-1999). Factor-multiple regression and factor-stepwise regression methods were adopted in the interpretation of the relationships between power generation and reservoir elements. A total of 12 factor analytical procedures were carried out, this representone operation per month. This allowed the exhibition of the relationships on monthly basis. The factor analysis reduced the monthly variables to between 3 to 4 orthogonal factors. All the factors were important to the explanation of the variance with the percentages of explanations ranging between 79 and 92%. The result of the regression analyses showed that reservoir elements were strong predictors of power generation in all the months with the exception of April. The percentage explanation for factor multiple regression range from 13 to 98%; while that of factor stepwise regression ranges from 57.8% to 95.7% , with the exception of April when all the variables entered the equation. Twenty one reduce - rank (eqs. 5-26)power generation models were developed for predicting power generation in Jebba.
Willingness to Pay For Water at Household Level in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
The paper examines willingness to pay (WTP) at the level of household in Ilorin, Nigeria. Ilorin was divided into four residential zones namely: Government Reservation Area (GRA), Modern Area, Housing Estates, and Traditional Area. 50 questionnaires were administered in each of these zones; making a total of 200 questionnaires administered in the whole of the study area. Also, 37 socio-economic variables were generated from the questionnaire. Due to multicolinearity problem, factor analysis method was used to reduce the 37 variables to orthogonal factor defining variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to associate willingness to pay (WTP) and the social economic variables. The result of factor analysis showed that 3 factor defining variables (fdvs): income, demography and educational level, are the most dominant factors having 98% explanation. Further analysis through stepwise multiple regression suggests that household income is the best predictor of WTP in Ilorin with 83% explanation. The paper posits that any policy towards pricing water in Ilorin should consider household income as an important variant
