Research
The Study of Organization Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Hospital Nurses. A Survey of District Hospitals of Dera Ismail Khan
This research study aims to investigate the antecedents, measures the association and to which extent demographics influence job satisfaction and organizational commitment of nursing staffs of two teaching hospitals of Dera Ismail Khan. The total N of the study was 125 respondents of two Teaching Hospitals of Dera Ismail Khan. The data analyzed with help of SPSS-16 software program for testing of hypothesis. The correlation test was applied to measure the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Similarly, multiple regression tests were used for investigating the cause and effect relationship between predictor’s variables and criterion variable and to check the impact of demographics, t-test was used. The result of the study showed that the nurse’s perceptions about Pay, work, Promotion, coworker, supervision, and work environment (Khan et al, 2009; Khan et al, 2011) are the most vital factors of employee’s satisfaction and important forecasters of organizational commitment. These results of the contemporary scholars also supported that job satisfaction and organizational commitment were correlated (Mannheim, & Baruch, 1997; Busch et al, 1998; Yousef, 1998; Lum et al, 1998; Al-Aameri 2000). The hypothesis of association between the job satisfaction and organizational commitment has been statistically confirmed. The results indicate that pay, promotion and work environment are most significant factors shaping organizational commitment of nurses in teaching hospitals of Dera Ismail khan. In addition, some factors are playing a secondary role in predicting organizational commitment such as work, coworker, and supervision.
The Job Satisfaction of District Officers in the Developing State Like; Pakistan A Survey of Local Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The Job satisfaction of district officers in Pakistan is affected by different factors like, Terrorism, political Instability, poverty and dysfunction of bureaucracy. There is uniqueness as well as differences in the perception of the officers about job satisfaction from situation to situation and from organization to organization. There are consensus among the researchers that job satisfaction increases employee’s productivity, commitment and Involvement and decreases absenteeism and turnover. This study is intended to pinpoint the causes, consequences of job satisfaction in developing state like; Pakistan.
Job Satisfaction of District Officers: A Global Perspective
Unprecedented changes are occurring around the globe, which forces the public management to revise their theory and practice of managing human performance in the public setup. The attention given to the new public service and new governance, demands fundamental transformations in those factors, which are influencing human performance. These changes are so broad that it is impossible to summarize all of them, but several needs merit attention (Gliem & Gliem, 2001; Linz, 2003; Perry et al., 2006; Moynihan & Pandey, 2007). However, the practice of public management is characterized by its formal constraints as well as informal opportunities. Managers have limited tools to motivate and retain their employees, because civil service rules limit the ability to recognize and reward individuals through pay, promotion, or bonuses.
DIGITAL LITERACY: THE CRITERIA FOR BEING EDUCATED IN INFORMATION SOCIETY
Digital (computer) literacy is the new title for„educated‟. Both teachers and students have no option but to acquire a level of computer-literacy to catch up with the growing digital societies. Governments and higher education institutions (HEIs) are making all out efforts by providing eLearning environments to gain some levels of digital literacy of the masses at large and the university-constituents. Both developed and developing states are trying to figure out a required digital literacy curriculum for the training of teachers and the students. However, given that there are several meanings of computer-literacy therefore; research is going on about the contents of the curriculum and the pedagogical requirements of ICT-education. Furthermore, the concepts of global-village, globalization, information or knowledge society, ePedagogy, eStudents and eCourses – all are casting increasing pressures on the academicians, HEIs and governments to take digitial opportunity initiatives (DOI) for digital-literacy of the masses to generate workforce for the eGovernment, eCommerce and eLearning.Research reveals that learners hold different perceptions about the nature and role of ICTs such as: instrumental and substantive. Some consider it just like any other technology with no value-implications for the learner and society. Substantive theorists however believe in the determinist role of technologies for changing the society. Whatever the paradigm, learners are facing several hurdles in acquiring digital command like perceptual differences, demographic diversities, resistance to change, training issues, and so on. However, most of the researchers are coming up with the findings that, perceptions, theories, teaching/learning styles of the teachers, students and other stakeholders play decisive and determinist role in determining the speed and quality of computer-literacy.It is well-documented that the contents and dynamics of computer-literacy in any state depend on the o
