Research
Water Quality of River Tungabhadra due to the Discharge of Industrial Effluent at Harihar, District Davanagere, Karnataka State, India
Water is a prime mover of all activities and essential feature for all modern developments. Water is distributed in different forms, such as rain water, river water, spring water and mineral water. Rain water is considered to be the purest form, however, is associated with dissolved gases such as CO2, SO2, NH3 etc., from atmosphere. Water used for Industrial development and municipal purposes, it is better to ensure the quality of water for these purposes. There is influence of Industrial waste. Sewage on the water quality, the waste products can change the water Chemistry. Water gives life to Industries, but, Industries kill the water Chemistry. The waste water which emerges out after uses from industries have no definite composition, the pollutants associated with industrial effluents such as organic matter, inorganic dissolved solids, fertilizer materials, suspended solids, heavy metals from toxic pollutants and micro organisms and also pathogens. The industrial wastes are responsible for water color, turbidity, odour, hardness, toxic elements, bacteria and micro organisms. Industrial wastes contain poisonous chemicals which are difficult to remove from its homogeneous solution state.
Assessment of Water Quality in and Around Jamkhandi City, Bagalkot District, Karnataka State, India.
The assessment of water quality and suitability for drinking and domestic (cooking) purposes was carried out from Jamkhandi city of Bagalkot District. The Bore water (Ground water), Surface water (Open well water) and Municipal water were assessed by examining various physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, DO, COD, BOD, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate , Sodium and Trace element concentration like Iron, Manganese Cobalt and Copper called dissolved metals have been analyzed. The analyzed results were compared with WHO and ISI drinking water standards. On the basis of pH, EC and Hardness out of 62 Bore wells, 08 Open wells and 09 Municipal water samples, 57 Bore wells, 06 Open wells and all 09 municipal water samples were within the permissible limit and useful (safe) for drinking and cooking purposes.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Spectral Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Schiff Base Ligands and Their Metal Complexes Derived From 3-Aldehydosalicylic Acid
condensation of 3-Aldehydosalicylic acid with equimolar quantities of 2-Amino-5-methyl pyridine, 4-Amino-5- phenyl-3-mercapto-[1,2,4] -Triazole, 4-Amino-3-methyl-5- mercapto-Triazole, 7-Amino-4-ethyl Coumarin forming 2-(5- methyl pyridine-2-yl amino)-methyl-2-hydroxy-Benzoic acid (Scheme 1), 3-[(3-phenyl-5-mercapto-[1,2,4] triazole-4-yl amino)-methyl] -2-hydroxy-Benzoic acid (Scheme 4), 3-[(3- methyl-5-mercapto-[1,2.4] triazoile-4-yl amino)-methyl]-2- hydroxy-Benzoic acid (Scheme 7), 3-[(4-Ethyl-Coumarin-7-yl amino)-methyl] -2-hydroxy-Benzoic acid (Scheme 11). The coordination complexes of metal ions like Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II) with the Schiff base ligands
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New 1-Pheyl, 3-Ethoxycarbonyl, 5-Hydroxy Indole Derivatives as a Potential Antimicrobial Agents
The derivatives of Indole show biological activities including herbicidal. The newly synthesized compounds 1- phenylethyl,2-methyl,3-ethoxy carbonyl,5-methoxycarbonyl ,2- methoxy Indole (Compound 2) were prepared by treating 1- phenyl,3-ethoxycarbonyl,5-hydroxy,2-methyl Indole (Com-pound 1) successively with methyl bromo- acetate and refluxing with K2CO3 / KI in the presence of dry acetone. Newly synthesized compound 2 refluxed with hydrazine hydrate in alcoholic media forming 1-Phenylethyl,3-ethoxy carbonyl,2-methyl Indole,5-yl oxy acetic acid hydrizide (Compound 3). This drug which on separately reacting with carbon disulphide, phenyl iso-thiocynide, acetylacetone, triethylorthoformate gave condensed bridge head heterocyclic’s such as 1-Phenyl ethyl,2-methyl,3-ethoxy cabonyl,5(5’-mercapto,1’-3’-4’-oxadiazol,2’-yl )-methoxy Indole (Compound 4).
River Krishna Flood Effects on Soil Properties of Cultivated Areas in Bagalkot District, Karnataka State
During 2009 Rabi season flood of river Krishna, the cultivated area of 128 Km2 was flooded in the northern part of Karnataka catchment. The flood entirely killed the vegetations stands on the fields. After wards, the effects of the flood on the ecological properties of the soils and the conditions of agricultural production had been evaluated. A study was conducted to estimate the flood effects on heavy metals concentrations and on the nutrient status of the soils. The sediment layer left from the flood had a thickness of several mm. Boron, Molybdenum within this layer were in between proscribed values and the metal ions concentrations of Iron, Zinc , Copper, were found slightly above the prescribed limits. Thus no restriction had to be announced for food production purposes. Regarding the Major and Secondary nutrients status of the flooded soils, only the mineral Nitrogen content was substantially reduced when compared to not flooded soils. This effect could most probably be related to denitrification processes as a result of anaerobic conditions during the flood. Available Potash (K2O) and Phosphorus (P2O5) found more than the prescribed limits.
