Research
Celiac Disease: An Assessment of Subjective Variation and Diagnostic Reproducibility of the Various Classification Systems
Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune mediated disorder occurring in genetically predisposed individuals with intolerance to gluten, particularly its protein gliadin. The histological examination still remains the gold standard for its diagnosis. Marsh-Oberhuber classification is very widely used by pathologists for the diagnosis of CD and is valid under optimal clinical conditions. However, due to the presence of greater diagnostic categories, it lends itself to greater subjective variability and lower interobserver and intraobserver agreement and hence lower reproducibility of the diagnosis. Recently, Corazza and Villanacci introduced a classification that reduces the number of categories and the interobserver variation. This study was undertaken to observe the reproducibility of the Marsh-Oberhuber classification in comparison to the newer Corazza and Villanacci classification and determine the intra and interobserver variation in both the classifications.
High Grade Infiltrative Urothelial Carcinoma- Sarcomatoid Variant, A Rare Entity: Case Report And Review of Literature
In the urinary bladder, majority of the neoplasms are of pure epithelial origin. In contrast pure mesenchymal tumors and biphasic epithelial-mesenchymal neoplasms, although documented, rarely occur at this site Heterologous carcinosarcomas (also called metaplastic carcinomas or sarcomatoid carcinomas with heterologous differentiation) are defined as biphasic tumors made up of a varying mixture of carcinomatous and heterologous sarcomatous components with abrupt or gradual transition between one component and the other. These are rare tumors and account for approximately 0.3% of all bladder malignancies with a poor prognosis. Because of its unfavorable histopathologic nature and also its rarity, not much is known about the various treatment options in these tumors. The overall 5 year cancer specific survival rate after cystectomy is only 20.3%.
FNAC as a Diagnostic Tool in the Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy-A Tertiary Hospital Experience
Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid diagnostic technique for the initial evaluation of palpable swellings. Enlarged lymph nodes are a common lesion subjected to FNAC. The cytomorphological features observed on cytology correlate very well with the histological appearances. Besides initial diagnosis of lymphoma, it also helps in diagnosis of residual disease, recurrence, progression of low grade to high grade lymphoma and also the detection of metastasis as lymph nodes are a common site of metastasis of different cancers. Materials and Methods: The present study comprises of 396 patients who presented with lymphadenopathy in the department of pathology, Giansagar medical college and hospital, Ramnagar, Patiala, Punjab from April 2008 to March 2011 (3 years). All the patients were subjected to FNAC using a 10 ml syringe and 22 gauge needles. 70 cases were subjected to lymph node biopsy. The cytological results were compared with the histological findings wherever possible.
