Research
Smart Agronomy of Wheat Cultivation in Riverbed of Betawa through Natural And Organic Farming under Changing Climate
The present innovative and introductive experiment was laid out during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 under “Farmers Participatory Action Research Project on Water/Water Harvesting†(Scheme funded by Central Water Commission, New Delhi). Since, the extensive farming almost closed up because all cultivable land saturated under cultivation of crops and other agricultural enterprises. During the visit of Bundelk hand region of U.P. for scheme work, the riverbed open after water receding of Betawa river was seen. The open riverbed was found suitable for cultivation of winter season crops. Riverbed was suffered from the nodulation of rocks (Maurang), but siltation was fertile. Therefore, the site was selected for cultivation of wheat because it has better nutrients status. The riverbed soil was fertilized with organic manure i.e., FYM @ 200 q/ha, vermi cost + vermi-eggs@10 q/ha and mustard cake @ 5 q/ha for major and minor plant nutrients and loosened the riverbed soil. Wheat cv. WH-147 was planted on 15 November and harvested 20 March after 125 days of planting in both experimental seasons. The wheat sown under conventional system by farmer them self in the vicinity was also selected for the comparison of yield level. The grain yield of wheat grown in riverbed gave 40.10 q/ha, which was 94.68% in comparison to wheat yield of normal soil sown condition (42.35 q/ha). The growth and yield traits were commensurable to the grain yield of wheat.
Guava (Psidium guajava)+Summer Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) for Control of Biotic and Abiotic Harmful Factors
The field study was laid out during three consecutive years of 2005-06 to 2007-08 at Mainpuri, Farrukhabad and Kannauj districts. The operational area located between catchments area of Ganga and Kali rivers. The experimental soils were loamy sand, sandy loam and light loam in texture. The analysis of composite soil sample displayed low status of plant nutrients. The four treatments i.e, guava + groundnut cv. Dh-86 + soil application of neem leaves power @ 50 kg/ha and spraying of neem oil on guava plants @ 2.5 lit/ha, guava + groundnut cv. Dh-86 + soil application of neem leaves powder @ 100 kg/ha and spraying of neem oil on guava plants @ 2.5 lit/ha, guava + groundnut cv ICGV 93468 + soil application of neem leaves powder @ 50 kg/ha and spraying of neem oil on guava plants @ 2.5 lit/ha and guava + groundnut cv. ICGV-93468 + soil application of neem leaves powder @ 100 kg/ha and spraying of neem oil on guava plants @ 2.5 lit/ha were tested. The farmers were suggested for plantation of guava at the spacing of 6x6 m2. The cultivars Dh-86 and ICGV-93468 (Avtar) were selected and planted between 5-10 March of experimental years. The 20 rows of groundnut were planted between two rows guava. The sowing of groundnut was made at spacing of 25 cm in rows. The gap of 50 cm from the both side was maintained between adjacent of guava and groundnut to facilitate easy intercultural practices. The guava + groundnut cv. ICGV-93468 + soil application of neem leaves powder @ 100 kg/ha and spraying of neem oil on guava plants @ 2.5 lit/ha treatment gave highest fruits yield of guava by 79.00 q/ha and pods yields of summer groundnut as 31.00 q/ha. The highest system productivity was found under guava + groundnut cv. ICGV-93468 + soil application of neem leaves powder @ 100 kg/ha and spraying of neem oil @ 2.5 lit/ha by 110.00 q/ha, closely followed by guava + groundnut cv. Dh-86 + soil application of neem leaves powder @ 100 kg/ha and spraying of neem oil on guava plants @ 2.5 lit/ha (106.30 q/ha). The incidence of white grubs and BND were found absent but termites and pod borers damage the groundnut pods 1-2% only.
Refinement in Cultivar of Indian Mustard for Higher Yield Under Thermal Climatic Condition of Uttar Pradesh
The refinement and assessment based field experiment was laid out during Rabi season of 2002 and 2003 on farmers fields at Mainpuri district under National Agricultural Technology Project, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mainpuri. The main objective was to find out suitable variety of Indian mustard for sowing in early period under thermal condition and replace the local Indian mustard cultivar ‘chhapka’. The nutrient status of pilot area was low. Five high yielding varieties i.e. Rohani, Varuna, Kanti, Urvarshi, Pusa Jai Kisan were tested with local cultivar Chhapka. The tested varieties of Indian mustard did not much differ in growth parameters but cv. Urvarshi displayed the superiority over all varieties. The lowest seed weight/plant (15.85 /plant) and test weight (4.30 gram) were weighed in local cultivar Chhapka, while highest seed weight/plant (18.00 g/plant) and test weight (4.95 gram) were recorded in cv. Urvarshi. The highest seed yield of 30.80 q/ha was noted under tested cultivar Urvarshi and lowest noted under Chaapka (15.70 q/ha). The other tested varieties yielded seed between these two limits. The highest net return of Rs. 99667/ha and BCR (1:3.56) were computed under Urvarshi cultivar. The lowest net return of Rs. 31717/ha and BCR (1:1.81) were computed under local cultivar Chhapka. The cultivar Urvarshi also increased net income of famers by 3.15 fold, which was higher over other tested varieties.
