The design of new forming tools gets more proble-matic as the geometries get more complicated and the materials less formable. The idea with this project is to evaluate if an implementation of simulation software in the designing process, to simulate the forming process before actually building the tools, could help to avoid expensive mistakes. To evaluate this, the commercial FEM simulation software LS-DYNA was used in a complicated project, where the design of the forming tools for forming a girder was considered. The main objective was to avoid cracking and severe wrinkling which may result in the forming process. With help of simulations a stable forming process which did not yield cracks or severe wrinkling, was eventually found. The girder was almost impossible to form without cracking, but the breakthrough came when we tried to simulate a performing step which solved the problem. Without simulation software this would never have been tested since it would be too risky and expensive to try an idea which could turn out to be of no use. The simulations also showed that the spring back - shape deformation occurring after pressing - was large and hard to predict without simulations. Therefore, the tools were also finally spring back compensated.
This paper focuses on the improvement of fuel consumption, vehicle performance, and driving aggressiveness for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) using epicyclic power split transmission (PST). In this paper, three and four branch transmission system models are analyzed and implemented into two HEVs. The modeling of the hybrid electric vehicle performance is carried using the QSS Toolkit. The models for the two vehicles are built based on the same baseline vehicle with the same vehicle parameters but with different transmissions. The vehicles are simulated over typical driving cycles; New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and USA Federal Test Procedure FTP 75. The HEV results are also compared against a conventional IC engine plus manual gearbox vehicle. Computer programs for the analysis of epicyclic transmission based on a matrix method are developed and used. The simulations show that the 4 branch epicyclic offers substantial improvements of reduction in energy consumption, though the benefits are sensitive to the driving cycle used.
Compressed air as a source of energy in different uses in general and as a nonpolluting fuel in compressed air vehicles has attracted scientists and engineers for centuries. Efforts are being made by many developers and manufacturers to master the compressed air vehicle technology in all respects for its earliest use by the mankind. The present paper gives a brief introduction to the latest developments of a compressed-air vehicle along with an introduction to various problems associated with the technology and their solution. While developing of compressed air vehicle, control of compressed air parameters like temperature, energy density, requirement of input power, energy release and emission control have to be mastered for the development of a safe, light and cost effective compressed air vehicle in near future.
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of integration of vehicle dynamics control systems by proposing new control architecture to integrate the braking, steering, suspension and driveline. A 6 DoF nonlinear vehicle handling model is developed for in Matlab/Simulink. The modelling work contains linear suspensions with nonlinear tyres suitable for combined slip conditions. The results are validated against commercially available vehicle dynamics software. All the four active chassis control systems are evaluated over the entire range of vehicle handling region in standalone mode through simulation. Based on the analysis of these four standalone controllers, a novel rule based integration strategy is proposed to improve the vehicle handling. A comparison of the proposed integrated control strategy and the standalone control strategy is carried out and the results of the simulation are found to prove that the integrated control strategy improves vehicle stability across the entire vehicle operating region.
Agriculture plays an important and vital role in any economy especially for a country like Pakistan. Basically Pakistan is an agricultural country with the world’s sixth largest population. The current population of Pakistan is more than 160 million which is growing at the rate of almost two percent annually. The major portion of population (67%) lives in rural areas and depends totally on agriculture. Approximately 32% of the population lives below the poverty line. GDP growth depends upon crops production. Industrial sector of Pakistan is also agricultural based. Thus the improvement in industrial sector also depends upon the improvement of agriculture sector. So, if the agricultural production is not satisfactory, the foreign investors shift their capital to other countries where they can get better inputs for their industries. The use of fertilizer in Pakistan has been increased during last five decades. The government of Pakistan imposed a 15 percent GST (general sales tax) on all fertilizers in 2001, thus prices increased. Now prices of major fertilizers, Urea and DAP are 3500 and 700 per 50Kg bag respectively. The main objective of fertilizer use is to improve the efficiency of land and to increase the crop productivity. The overall aim is sustainability and growth in agricultural sector that should match the growing population for food security and the promotion of economic growth. The average farm size in Pakistan is quite small. Farmers have become so dependent on fertilizers for their crop production that they have been left with no other choice without the balance use of fertilizer. With increasing prices the farmers cannot afford to purchase these inputs.
Seizures are the most noticeable clinical manifestations of epilepsy; measurement of the hippocampus on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain has been useful for the assessment of patients with seizures. Therefore this study aimed to diagnose subjects who had developed epilepsy by measuring the RT and LT hippocampus area and volume considering epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, EEG results, T2 signal intensity, treatment, and children ages as well as to correlate the MRI findings with EEG findings. This Study was conducted at Gezira University- MRI Diagnostic center –Khartoum –Sudan during the period from 2010up to2011using Siemens 0.5 Tesla MRI machine. A total of 29 Sudanese children of both genders with clinical history of generalized seizures, and 17 normal children who were selected as control group at different ages were involved in this study. Children with head injury or organic lesion found on MR images were excluded.
The genesis of the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) for around three and half decades can be traced to the need for stronger institutional arrangements for providing rural credit. The inception of RRBs can be seen as a unique experiment as well as experience in improving the efficacy of rural credit delivery mechanism in India. In the wake of introduction of financial sector reforms, the feasibility of RRBs emerged as the most crucial factors in deciding the desired role due to their limited business flexibility with hardly any scope of diversification, smaller size of loans with higher exposure to risk prone advances and professional inefficiency in financial deployment. In order to strengthen RRBs and to improve their performance, various initiatives have been taken by the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The paper, therefore, is a synopsis on the evaluation of performance of RRBs in India with respect to deposit mobilization, credit channelization, credit deposit ratio, deployment of credit to various occupations etc.
In this paper, we make a brief introduction to a new interdisciplinary--Extenics from three main parts -- extension theory, extension engineering and extension innovation methods, which can let more scholars from all over world to know what is Extenics, what achievements Extenics scholars have obtained.
Airbag systems such as frontal and side-impact airbags are developed to reduce occupant injuries during vehicle collisions. Yet, such systems have caused serious injuries to out-of-position occupants especially to smaller females and children. The primary objective of this study is to examine the different influential factors such asmass flow rate, fabric permeability ratio, fabric maximum inflated depth that contribute to OOP occupant injuries in airbag-related accidents. A mathematical model of Heidelberg stationary test, vehicle interior and seat mounted side-airbag is developed using the MADYMO code 7.4.2. The mathematical model of the airbag used in this study is a torso-only seat-mounted side-impact airbag (SAB). The airbag model is validated against similar study conducted by Hallman et al. and the results are found to be in good agreement. Once the airbag model is validated, the airbag and the anthropomorphic test dummy are positioned in a vehicle environment to better predict the occupant injuries in a static environment. The ATD test configurations are performed in accordance to the recommendations by The Side Airbag Out-Of-Position Injury Technical Working Group. Lastly, a set of parametric equations to predict the OOP occupants’ injuries are developed using the full factorial design.
Measuring earnings management is a crucial issue for stockholders and investors alike. Investors’ efficient evaluation of a firm (firm performance and its stocks returns on the stock market) depends on the selection of a measurement model appropriate to earnings management. Within this line of thinking, our study aims at presenting and comparing four earnings management measurement models examining Tunisian stock market information content and the ability to forecast managers’ behaviour. We classified the variable “discretionary accruals†into higher and lower levels and then analysed its effect on returns. The obtained results point to a significant coefficient for the two levels of discretionary accruals (according to the four models). This confirms that discretionary accruals allow Tunisian investors to better evaluate firm value and optimally form their stocks portfolios. Moreover, this study highlighted the determining role of firm size. For this latter, earnings management allows for increasing abnormal positive stocks returns for large Tunisian firms and reducing abnormal negative stocks returns for small Tunisian firms. In conclusion, if these accruals measurement models reach conclusions which are empirically reliable, this comes from the fact that they are very partial to reflect a complex reality.
We use cookies and similar technologies to improve site performance, understand traffic, and enhance your publishing experience. Cookie Policy
Cookie settings
Global Journals privacy preferences
Choose which optional cookies Global Journals can use. Your preference applies across this platform and can be updated any time.
Necessary cookies
These cookies are required for core website functionality and security.
