An epidemiological survey of small ruminant disease was conducted in Boka-Shuta, Konda-Zuriya and Debre-Work kebelles of Kaffa and Bench-Maji zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and people’s regional state (SNNPRs), Ethiopia from July 2012 to June 2013. The objective of the study was to assess diseases of small ruminants affecting production and productivity; their occurrence and distribution; and associated risk factors. For these, Semi structured questioner format was prepared and survey was conducted. The result revealed that, 90.6%, 76.0% and 65.6% of interviewed farmers describe the multi-factorial causes of respiratory diseases; systemic diseases; and Gastro-intestinal parasite respectively were the most prevalent diseases irrespective of agro-ecology difference. The type of disease conditions documented in each agro-ecology had differences. Bloating (accumulation of excess amount of fluid in their abdominal cavity and blood tinged internal organs observed when slaughtered) followed by head circling in Boka-Shuta (highland); gastro intestinal parasite and head circling in Debre-Work (midland); and bottle jaw and orf in Konda-Zuriya (lowland) were the most prevalent and had serious problems in small ruminant production and productivity. Regarding the diseases occurrence and distribution, the highest cases were recorded in summer followed by autumn. Ewes/doe and lambs/kids were the most susceptible age group. Each specific disease conditions occurrence and distribution in this study had its own specific risk factor. In general, however, disease management methods and practices by the farmers, susceptible age groups and seasons of occurrence were important risk factors playing an important role. Thus, the production and productivity of small ruminant was highly determined by diseases conditions. The result presented here suggests that, ewes/doe and lambs/kids need special attention to prevent them from diseases to improve production and productivity. And also

Social business is an innovative idea which connects the business and society to eliminate poverty, hunger, unemployment and any other social problems. This study is based on the notion of structural evolution and influence of social business to eradicate the social problems in Bangladesh. This study is conducted based on secondary data and the type of the research is descriptive in nature. The research findings revealed that social business has the significant differences between traditional business and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as well as it has generated a lot of positive social impact like poverty reduction, create employment opportunities, reduce aid dependency, and finally, there is an option to mobilize the private sector resources.

In this paper aims to review how biosensors are made, where they can be used, their advanced and their detection methods. The biosensors are studied and fabricated to detect samples and measure demand values by using online websites that based on grounded theory. The paper reviewing some factors that help us to understand biosensor importance in our daily lives in most fields. Studies and researches are limited to real studies which has been collected from the result of experiment in various laboratories the suggested model is particularly useful for medical detecting to better illustrating and understanding the illness samples by display output of high resolution. In addition, they can be used in water treatment and food testing the paper shows design of biosensors, their application and types. Also; it highlights resolutions and sensitive the value that is detected by biosensors. Moreover, it presents simplicity of using biosensors So, it encourages the researches and inventors to focus on this challenge.

A study was conducted from October, 2013 to March, 2014 on cattle slaughtered at Assela municipal abattoir with the aim of determining major causes of liver condemnation and to estimate the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver. Ante mortem and post mortem inspection procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities encountered were recorded. A total of 384 cattle were examined at ante mortem and 9 animals were found to have abnormalities/conditions like lameness, blindness, rough hair, amputated tail and branding. Out of 384 cattle slaughtered, 274 (71.4%) livers were totally condemned. The major causes of liver condemnation were due to hydatidosis (64.6%), fascilosis (20.8%), calcification (7.7%), coinfection of hydatid cyst with fasciola (4.7%), cirrhosis (1.5%) and abscess (0.7%). Comparison of liver condemnation rate was carried out for different age, animal origin and body condition however, statistically significant difference was observed only between age groups. The direct financial loss due to liver condemnation was calculated to be 418,761 ETB per annum, rendering them unfit for local market for eusthetic reason or considering their zoonotic risks to human beings. To this end, public education on the effects of animal disease, application of strict control measures accompanying epidemiological studies and exercising appropriate meat inspection procedures were forwarded to minimize liver condemnation and as well as to safeguard the welfare of the public.

This research was carried out in Federal College of Forestry Jos, during the 2015/2016 cropping season, to determine the Effect of radial spacing on growth and yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Olla irrigation. The experiment consisted of four (4) treatment each replicated three (3) times in randomized complete block design (RCBD) .The parameters assessed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf count and grain yield. The spacing of 25x10cm (T1) gave the highest plant height followed by 25x20cm (T2) and 25x30cm (T3), while 25x40cm (T4) had the lowest. The spacing distance of 25x10cm recorded the highest stem diameter of 7.50cm while 25x40cm had the least value of 5.77cm.The same pattern was observed for the leaf count with highest value of 8.33cm for treatment one (T1), while T4 recorded the lowest value of 15.67cm respectively. The Grain yield ranged from 2.20- 12.22t/ha for treatment considered recorded under Treatment. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference (p<0.05) on the effects of radial distance on plant height and stem diameter. Conversely, no significant difference (P>0.05) was recorded for leaf count. When the radial spacing from the Olla Pot was increased from 10 to 20, 30 and 40cm; the corresponding yield reduction values were 33, 58 and 82%. There was no significant difference between grain yield of maize when it was planted at radial spacing of 20 and 30cm, implying that in the study area, planting at radial spacing of 20cm from Olla pot is recommended when a farmer is faced with a limited land spaced for farming, even though the impact on yield may be about 25% if 30cm is used instead of 20cm.

Missing data is a widely recognized problem affecting large database in data mining. The substitution of mean values for missing data is commonly suggested and used in many statistical software packages, however, mean substitution lead to large errors in correlation matrix and therefore degrading the performance of statistical modeling. The problems arises are biasness of result data base, inefficient data in missing data when anomalous data is also present. In proposed work there is proper handling of missing data values and their analysis with removal of the anomalous data.This method provides more accurate and efficient result and reduces biasness of result for filling in missing data. Theoretical analysis and experimental results shows that proposed methodology is better.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of media coverage and media framing types of Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Day both in government and private print media outlets from 2010-2014. Three newspapers: namely, the government owned Addis Zemen, and the privately owned Addis Admass and Reporter newspapers have been purposefully selected based on ownership, access and large circulation of newspapers. The study also included newspapers published in November 24 to December 24 from 2010 to 2014. Accordingly, 135 news articles were analyzed by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative content analysis and in-depth interview methods were dominantly used. Moreover, in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 key informants from government and private media houses. Accordingly, the findings of the study revealed the dominance of development frame over other media frame types both in Addis Zemen and Reporter Amharic newspapers. However, in the weekly, Addis Admass, advocacy frame was the most frequently employed frame type for the coverage of NNPD of Ethiopia. The result also indicated that Addis Zemen relatively published more news articles than Addis Admass and Reporter newspapers due to its daily published and government owned newspaper. Since Addis Zemen is government controlled and owned newspaper, it has no space to criticize the event whereas; the weekly Addis Admass portrayed the event of NNPD of Ethiopia in a negative way because it has relatively better media freedom than the government owned media. This shows that there are biased views in the newspapers towards the celebration of the event. Hence, journalists who are working for both media should be always governed by journalistic ethics and they should not be servile/ partisan and government should give freedom for the media.

The present paper deals with the study of pseudo Ricci symmetric properties on (LCS)n-manifolds. Here we study generalized pseudo Riccisymmetric, almost pseudo Ricci-symmetric and semi pseudo Ricci-symmetric (LCS)nmanifolds and obtained some interesting results.

The Tiv are traditionally farmers by occupation. This implies that they till the soil and keep animals. These provide them with food, meat and a source of income. As agriculturalists, the roles of the or u varen iwa (black smith) and the or u gban agbe (hoe handle maker) is indispensable in the process of food production. This has to do with the fact that they produce the equipments needed for farming such as hoes, sickles, machetes, axes, knives, and hoe handles to which hoe blades are fixed for the making of heaps/mounds and lines for planting various crops. This makes these craftsmen agricultural technologists. The research adopts both the primary and secondary sources of data. This involves oral interview with blacksmiths and hoe handle makers for the primary source. For documented source the paper makes use of books, journals, newspapers and magazines. The paper established that without these craftsmen in Tiv land farm work would be a mirage. However, despite their indispensable roles, no meaningful progress has been achieved as the hoes and their handles used by the Tiv for over 400years have remained the same and neither has the process of making mounds and lines changed. The paper examines the factors responsible for this apparent lack of development in Tiv agricultural technology and calls for improvement in Tiv agricultural implements baring in mind particularly the issue of technological transfer. This is necessary and fundamental if the Tiv and indeed the rest of Africa do not wish to remain technological lagers in a world that is fast assuming a technological dimension.

In this empirical statewide, multiyear analysis, the extent to which the academic performance of students enrolled in special education was influenced by school district student enrollment was determined. Five years of Texas statewide data on the Texas Assessment Knowledge & Skills Reading, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and Writing exams were analyzed as a function of three school district sizes: (a) small-size (up to 1,599 students); (b) moderate-size (1,600 to 9,999 students); and (c) large-size (10,000 or more students). Inferential statistical procedures revealed that students in special education who were enrolled in large-size school districts had statistically significantly higher passing rates on all five exams than did students in special education who were enrolled in either moderate-size or small-size school districts for all 5 years. Effect sizes were small.